Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice botany leaf - external morphology venation arrangement of leaves morphology of leaf

Which one of the following is correct?

  1. In dorsiventral leaf, stomata are on lower (abaxial) surface.

  2. Protoxylem disintegrates to produce lacuna (lysigenous) in monocot stem.

  3. Reticulate venation in dicot leaf, parallel venation in monocot leaf.

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
a) Dorsiventral leaf has stomata only on the lower surface because it is more often in the shade and so it is cooler, which means evaporation won't take place as much. 
b) Protoxylem lacuna is a space surrounded by parenchyma cells in the protoxylem of a vascular bundle. Appears in some plants after the protoxylem has ceased to function, after these elements have been stretched and torn, thus forming the cavity (lacuna) in monocot stem. 
c) Leaf veins are arranged either in parallel through the length of the leaf or in a reticulate arrangement throughout the leaf. In most species, monocot leaves have parallel arrangement while dicots have reticulate venation of leaves.
So, the correct answer is 'All the above'.
Multiple choice biology plant taxonomy classification of kingdom plantae features of plant and animal kingdom plant classification
Plant X has undifferentiated plant body.
Plant Y is a seedless vascular plant that is differentiated into stem, roots and leaves.
Plant Z is a plant bearing seeds.
Select the correct statement regarding X, Y, and Z.

  1. X can be an Angiosperm.

  2. Y can be Gymnosperm.

  3. Y can be a Thallophyte.

  4. Z can be angiosperms or Gymnosperms.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

X can be thallophytes which have an undifferentiated plant body, that is, in the form of an undivided thallus. Algae are thallophytes belonging to kingdom Plantae. Fungi belong to kingdom Fungi. Y can be pteridophytes which are seedless vascular plants and differentiated into true stern, leaves and roots. Bryophytes are simple land plants with no true roots. The plant body is thallose or foliose. Z can be angiosperms or gymnosperms since both of them have seeds. However, angiosperms have seeds covered by fruit whereas gymnosperms have naked seeds. So, the correct answer is option D. 

Multiple choice natural vegetative propagation reproduction in plants biology

Petiole is used in multiplication of

  1. Bignonia

  2. Saintpaulia

  3. Sansevieria

  4. Pepromia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Peperomia is a small perennial epiphyte growing on rotten wood. These plants are  naturally propagated by seeds but these are commercially propagated by leaf or stem cuttings. The petiole is an important part of leaf which is used for the propagation. Leaves are harvested from stock plants for which propagation is desired. The petiole section of each leaf is sterilized and cultured on a nutrient media which forms callus and finally develops into a plantlet.

So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice natural vegetative propagation reproduction in plants biology

Which of the following is a part of vegetative propagation?

  1. Root

  2. Stem

  3. Leaf

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Vegetative propagation is a generation of the new plant with help of vegetative parts of the plant without producing seed. It occurs with stem, root, bulb and leaves. The meristematic cells of the vegetative part undergo rapid division to form a new organism.

So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice natural vegetative propagation reproduction in plants biology

A slender lateral branch arises from the base of the main axis and after growing aerially for some time arch downwards to touch the ground. Such type of modification is

  1. Runner

  2. Sucker

  3. Stolon

  4. Offset
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A- Underground stems of some plants spread to new niches and when older parts die new plants are formed. e.g., grass and strawberry.

B- In these plants, a slender lateral branch arises from the base of the main axis and after growing aerially for some time arch downwards to touch the ground. e.g., mint and jasmine.
C- A lateral branch with short inter-nodes and each node bearing a rosette of leaves and a tuft of roots are found in aquatic plants. e.g., Pistia and Eichhornia.
D- In these, the lateral branches originate from the basal and underground portion of the main stem, grow horizontally beneath the soil and then come out obliquely upward giving rise to leafy shoots. e.g., banana, pineapple, and Chrysanthemum.
So, the correct option is 'Stolon'.

Multiple choice natural vegetative propagation reproduction in plants biology

Each leaf scar in a tuber has a bub called _______.

  1. Eye

  2. Scale

  3. Both A & B

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
(A) Eye.
The tuber consists of parts of a normal stem, including nodes and internodes. The nodes are the eyes and each has a leaf scar. The nodes or eyes are arranged around the tuber in a spiral fashion beginning on the end opposite the attachment point to the stolon.
Multiple choice natural vegetative propagation reproduction in plants biology

Onions and gladioli grow from

  1. Bulbs

  2. Roots

  3. Buds on the leaf margin

  4. Spore formation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Onions and gladioli are classic examples of plants that propagate using bulbs, which are underground modified stems with fleshy leaves.

Multiple choice natural vegetative propagation reproduction in plants biology

In Bryophyllum, vegetative propagation takes place through their 

  1. Leaf

  2. Stem

  3. Root

  4. Pollen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Bryophyllum produces plantlets along the margins of its leaves. When they mature, they drop off and root in any suitable soil beneath thereby performing the function of vegetative propagation.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A), 'Leaf'.

Multiple choice natural vegetative propagation reproduction in plants biology

In Bryophyllum, vegetative reproduction takes place through

  1. Root

  2. Stem

  3. Leaf

  4. Rhizome
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Bryophyllum produces plantlets along the margins of its leaves. When they mature, they drop off and root in any suitable soil beneath.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C), 'Leaf'.

Multiple choice natural vegetative propagation reproduction in plants biology

The potatoes are called modified stem because of:

  1. Eye of potato

  2. Tuber

  3. Bud

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
In potato the under ground portion is a modified stem in that it stores reserve food and has all characters of stem i.e. roots and shoots appear from it and it has buds (eyes) also. Potato is a tuber (that part carry out photosynthesis- the green color part seen in young potato). It is called a modified stem as it has scaly leaves, nodes, internodes and adventitious roots, characteristic to stems.
Hence answer is 'Both A and B'
Multiple choice natural vegetative propagation reproduction in plants biology

In Albizzia, vegetative propagation take place with the help of

  1. Fasciculated tuberous roots

  2. Epiphyllous buds

  3. Subaerial branches

  4. Nonfleshy roots
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Albizia belongs to family fabaceae. In Albizzia, vegetative propagation take place with the help of nonfleshy roots. The non fleshy roots develop adventitious buds which grow to form new plants. 

Fasciculated tuberous roots are swollen to store food. It occurs as a clusters at the base of the stem. It is found in dhalia.
Epiphyllous buds developed on leaves of shoots. It is used for vegetative propagation in sunflower.
Subaerial branches are used for vegetative propagation in runners, stolon etc.
So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice botany transport in plant homeostasis in plants regulation of stomatal opening stomata

Consider the following statements.
a. stomata are completely absent in hydrophytes.
b. In hydrophytes, vascular bundles always have bundle sheaths.
Which of the statements given is/are correct?

  1. $1$ only
  2. $2$ only
  3. Both $1$ and $2$
  4. Neither $1$ nor $2$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Stomata are not completely absent in all hydrophytes (e.g., floating plants have them on the upper surface). Bundle sheaths are characteristic of C4 plants, not all hydrophytes.

Multiple choice biology mineral nutrition in plants nutrients and nutrition essential and non-essential mineral elements transport in the xylem of plants

The mineral nutrient mainly concerning with apical meristematic activity is _________.

  1. K

  2. Ca

  3. N

  4. S
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Potassium (K) is essential for various physiological processes, including the activation of enzymes and the maintenance of turgor pressure, which is critical for cell division and apical meristematic activity.