Botany and Plant Science

Germplasm is a living tissue from which new plants can be grown. It can be a seed or another plant part like a leaf, a piece of stem, pollen or even just a few cells that can be turned into a whole plant. Germplasm contains the information for a species genetic makeup, a valuable natural resource of plant diversity. 

Translocation of prepared food occurs through the phloem. Bicollateral vascular bundles have two patches of phloem. Bicollateral vascular bundles show following arrangement of vascular tissue, outer phloem, outer cambium, xylem, inner cambium, inner phloem. These vascular bundles can transport much more amount of sugars than collateral vascular bundles having only a single patch of phloem. Bicollateral vascular bundles are common in Family Cucurbitaceae with large leaves, large fruits called Pepo and thin weak stems. 

Xylem tissue is comprised of dead cells involved in the process of transport of water and minerals. Transport of water is under the influence of transpiration pull and is a physical process. 

Movement of food takes place through phloem tissue. This can be demonstrated through ringing experiment in which, if ring of vascular tissue including phloem is removed in a dicot tree. The plant parts located below the point of ringing will die because these parts do not get food.

• Meristem is the region marked by the presence of active cell growth and the tissues present in meristem are termed as meristematic tissues.
• On the basis of their position in the plant body, meristems are grouped as apical, lateral or intercalary meristem.
• Stem has apical meristem in the shoot apex, intercalary meristem in nodes and lateral meristem in form of cambium in vascular bundles.
• Roots have apical meristem root apex and lateral meristem in form of cambium in vascular bundles. Shoot and root tips are the growing tips of a plant. Due to presence of root cap in terminal position, root apical meristem is subterminal in position thus, not all the growing tips have meristem.

A meristem is the tissue in most plants containing undifferentiated cells, found in zones of the plant, where growth can take place. Meristematic cells give rise to various organs of the plant and keep the plant growing. The shoot apical meristem gives rise to organs like the leaves and flowers, while the root apical meristem provides the meristematic cells for the future root growth. 

• A meristem is a tissue which is composed of undifferentiated cells found in the regions of the plant where growth takes place.
  
• The various organs of a plant are derived from a meristem.
• The word meristem is derived from a Greek word 'merizein' which means 'to divide'.
• Another Greek term used in relation to meristem is 'meristos' which means 'divisible'.
• Thus, meristematic cells are those cells which have the power to divide continuously. So, the correct answer is 'Divided'.
  

Meristematic tissues are the undifferentiated cells that are found in the growth zones. It gives rise to various organs. They have plastids that are not differentiated and present in the form of proplastid. The cell wall of the meristematic cell is made up of cellulose, the cell wall is thin and flexible while the secondary wall is absent. Cells lack intercellular spaces and also lack reserve food as it is highly active and does not require any reserve food for energy.

A.Meristem – actively dividing cells – true

B.Xylem – Transport of food – false, because it transport water.

C.Phleom – Transport of water – false, because it transport food.

D.Sclerenchyma – Storage of starch – false, because it is dead mechanical tissue.

So, the correct option is ‘Meristem – Actively dividing cells’.

Cambium is a kind of meristem which is most active in woody plants and it lies between the bark and wood of the stem. The vascular cambium forms tissues that carry water and nutrients throughout the plant. On the outer surface, the vascular cambium forms new layers of phloem, and on the inner surface, new layers of xylem. The cork cambium creates cells that eventually become bark on the outside and cells that add to the cortex on the inside. In woody plants, the cork cambium is part of the periderm. So, the correct answer is "both vascular and cork cambium".

Meristematic activity is seen the maximum in the shoot of a plant. The meristematic tissue contains undifferentiated cells found in the zone of the plant where growth can take place.

Intrafascicular cambium is present between xylem and phloem in dicot stem and roots. It is also termed as fascicular cambium. This meristematic area spreads laterally from each bundle and eventually becomes continuous, forming a complete vascular cambium.