Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice botany stem - external morphology habit of plants plant classifications type of plants

The special structures used by the climbers for climbing are

  1. Root

  2. Tendrils

  3. Stem

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Climbers are said to have a weak stem and cannot stand by their own so they evolve a mechanism and mostly modify either their leaves or part or leaf that helps them to climb the other plant or can attach with a wall or any other support.

So the correct option is 'Tendrils'.

Multiple choice botany stem - external morphology habit of plants plant classifications type of plants

Anatomically fairly old dicotyledonous root is distinguished from the dicotyledonous stem by :

  1. Position of protoxylem

  2. absence of secondary xylem

  3. Absence of secondary phloem

  4. Presence of cortex
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In the dicotyledonous roots, the protoxylem is located near the periphery of the vascular cylinder. It means away from the centre (exarch condition) and the metaxylem is towards the centre. In the dicotyledonous stem, the protoxylems are located near the centre of vascular bundle means endarch condition and the metaxylem are away from the centre. So, anatomically fairly old dicotyledonous root. One can distinguish it from the dicotyledonous stem by its position of protoxylem.

So, the correct answer is 'Position of protoxylem'.

The correct option is A.

Multiple choice botany stem - external morphology habit of plants plant classifications type of plants

Following are the comparisons between phylloclades and cladodes (cladophylls).

Phylloclade Cladode
(i) Both main stem and branches are modified to function like leaves. Only the branches are modified to take over the function of leaves.
(ii) Phylloclade has limited or definite growth. Cladode has unlimited or indefinite growth.
(iii) It consist of several nodes and internodes.  It is usually one internode long
(iv) True leaves are commonly caducous. True leaves are either reduced to scales or modified to spines.
(v) Example: Rescus aculeatus, Asparagus etc. Example:Opuntia, Euphorbia royleana etc.

Pick up the wrong difference and select the correct option.

  1. (i) and (ii)

  2. (ii) and (v)

  3. (iii) and (v)

  4. (ii) and (iv)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The table provided contains errors regarding the growth patterns and examples of phylloclades and cladodes. Specifically, point (ii) and (v) are incorrectly swapped or described.

Multiple choice botany stem - external morphology habit of plants plant classifications type of plants

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
Annual rings are the number of

  1. Rings of vascular bundles in a monocot stem

  2. Layers of secondary xylem in a stem

  3. Internodes in a stem

  4. Both (b) and (c)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Each year, the tree forms new cells, arranged in concentric circles called annual rings or annual growth rings. These annual rings show the amount of wood produced during one growing season. As the stem grows, complete ring called the cambial ring is formed. Cambial ring leads to the formation of secondary xylem and secondary phloem. 

Hence, the correct answer is 'Layers of secondary xylem in a stem'.

Multiple choice botany stem - external morphology habit of plants plant classifications type of plants

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
During the secondary growth in the dicotyledonous stems the cork cambium gives rise to

  1. Secondary xylem and secondary phloem

  2. Secondary cortex and cork

  3. Pith and medullary rays

  4. Multicellular hairs
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Cork cambium is a tissue found in many vascular plants as part of the epidermis. The cork cambium is a lateral meristem and is responsible for secondary growth that replaces the epidermis in roots and stems. It gives rise to cork outside and secondary cortex inside. 

Hence, the correct answer is 'Secondary cortex and cork'.

Multiple choice morphology of angiosperms introduction to angiosperms morphology of flowering plants plant kingdom biology

Significance of vernlization is/are

  1. Early flowering

  2. Prevention of precocious reproductive development

  3. Shortening the life span of plants

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Vernalization is the induction of a plant's flowering process by exposure to the prolonged cold of winter. Its primary agricultural significance is to promote early flowering in plants that would otherwise remain in a vegetative state for longer periods.

Multiple choice morphology of angiosperms introduction to angiosperms morphology of flowering plants plant kingdom biology

A graminaceous spikelet is surrounded by

  1. Two scales called glumes

  2. Two scales called lemma and pale

  3. Two scales called lodicules

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In graminaceous spikelet or spikelet inflorescence of Poaceae, there is a pair of sterile glumes at the base of the spikelet. The lower, outer glume is called the first glume and the upper, inner glume is called the second glume. Just above the glumes, spikelets are present which are partly enclosed by glumes. Spikelets are characteristic of the grass family.

So, the correct answer is 'Two scales called glumes'.

Multiple choice morphology of angiosperms introduction to angiosperms morphology of flowering plants plant kingdom biology

Peculiarity of pistil of Poaceae is

  1. Two stigmas borne directly over ovary

  2. Three stigmas borne over ovary directly

  3. One stigma borne directly over ovary

  4. Three styles borne over ovary
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A pistil may consist of carpels, ovary, style, stigma, carpels may join together with a single ovary. Poaceae is a large family of monocotyledonous flowering plants which are collectively referred to as grasses. In Poaceae, the stigmas are 2 which are usually feathery and they are borne directly over an ovary. This is the peculiar feature of the pistil in Poaceae.

So, the correct answer is 'Two stigmas borne directly over ovary'.

Multiple choice morphology of angiosperms introduction to angiosperms morphology of flowering plants plant kingdom biology

Stem is culm in

  1. Bamboo

  2. Grass

  3. Both A and B

  4. Sunflower
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A culm is the areal jointed stem (above ground) of grass or bamboo. Typically, the culms are hollow but some species of bamboo have solid culms. In members of Poaceae family, the stem is underground rhizome in all perennial grasses, cylindrical, culm with conspicuous nodes and internodes, internodes hollow, herbaceous or woody, glabrous or glaucous, vegetative shoots are arising from the base of aerial stem or from underground stems.

So, the correct answer is 'Both A and B'.

Multiple choice morphology of angiosperms introduction to angiosperms morphology of flowering plants plant kingdom biology

Gynoecium of Poaceae is

  1. Bicarpellary syncarpous

  2. Tricarpallary syncarpous

  3. Monocarpellary

  4. Tricarpellary apocarpous
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Poaceae or Gramineae is a large family of monocotyledonous flowering plants which are collectively referred to as grasses. In Poaceae, the gynoecium is monocarpellary, ovary superior, unilocular with a single ovule, basal placentation, style short, stigma (usually 2 )feathery, papillate or branched.

So, the correct answer is 'Monocarpellary'.