Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice botany root - external morphology root system in plants modifications of root root modifications

The roots that possess haustoria are called

  1. Photosynthetic root

  2. Reproductive root

  3. Respiratory root

  4. Parasitic root
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A haustoria is a root-like structure or a structure that grows into or around another structure to absorb water or nutrients. The root of a parasitic plant that penetrates the host's tissue and draws nutrients from it.

Multiple choice botany root - external morphology root system in plants modifications of root root modifications

Select the correct statements.
(a) From the region of elongation, some of the epidermal cells form root hairs.
(b) Pneumatophores are seen in Sonneratia.
(c) Adventitious roots are seen in Banyan tree.
(d) Maize and Sugarcane have prop roots.

  1. a and d

  2. a, c and d

  3. c and d

  4. b and c

  5. a, b and d
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Pneumatophores are specialized respiratory roots found in mangroves like Sonneratia, and Banyan trees exhibit adventitious roots (prop roots). Statement (a) is wrong because root hairs arise from the maturation zone, not the elongation zone.

Multiple choice botany root - external morphology root system in plants modifications of root root modifications

Peculiarity of Dalbergia tap root system is?

  1. Surface feeder

  2. Presence of nodules

  3. Formation of buds

  4. Lenticels for aeration
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Dalbergia is the fast-growing, hardy and surface feeder tap root. They are having a long taproot and numerous surface roots as well. In surface feeders, the taproot does not grow or develop to a great extent.

The cymose or surface feeder tap root systems of some annual plants are consisting of thin fibrous roots. Therefore, also called a fibrous tap root system.

The correct option is A.

Multiple choice botany root - external morphology root system in plants modifications of root root modifications

In Tinopsora, the adventitious roots are.

  1. Hanging

  2. Green

  3. Both A and B

  4. Clinging in nature
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Modified adventitious roots, which become green colour and perform photosynthesis. These are called as assimilatory roots, for example, Taeniophyllum, Trapa, Tinospora cordifolia. Tinospora is having climbing photosynthetic roots and is aerial. These are like the green hanging threads developing from the nodes during the rainy seasons.

The correct answers are A and B both. 

Multiple choice botany root - external morphology root system in plants modifications of root root modifications

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
Unlike primary growth, secondary growth in both roots and stems

  1. Is indeterminate

  2. Produces xylem and phloem

  3. Involves vascular and cork cambiums

  4. Result in a rapid increase in root or stem length
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Secondary growth is the increase in the girth of stem and roots of plant. It occurs by cell divisions in two lateral meristems that are vascular cambium and cork cambium.

Vascular cambium is a thin layer of cells between xylem and phloem which increases girth by cell divisions
Cork cambium is a layer of meristematic cells that give rise to cork outside and secondary cortical cells inside.
While plant growth is indeterminate due to both primary and secondary growth. Also, both primary and secondary produce xylem and phloem. 
So the correct answer is it "Involves vascular and cork cambiums''

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination dicot seed structure of monocot and dicot seed the seed monocot seed

Plants with single whorl of perianth are placed under

  1. Class - Monocot, Sub class - Monochlamydeae

  2. Class - Dicot, Series - Monochlamydeae

  3. Class - Dicot, Sub class - Monochlamydeae

  4. Class - Monocot, Sub class - Gamopetalae

  5. Class - Dicot, Series - Bicarpellatae
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Monochlamydeous flower has only one accessory whorl present (perianth). For example, Polygonaceae and Liliaceae.

So, the correct answer is 'Class - Dicot, sub-class - Monochlamydeae

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination dicot seed structure of monocot and dicot seed the seed monocot seed

The active growing region in a dicot embryo which forms shoot is

  1. Epicotyl

  2. Cotyledon

  3. Coleoptile

  4. Plumule
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The active growing region in a dicot embryo which forms shoot is the plumule. The plumule is the young shoot of a plant embryo above the cotyledons, consisting of the epicotyl and often of immature leaves. The young shoot or plumule, is said to be negatively geotropic, because it moves away from the soil it rises by the extension of either the hypocotyl.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination dicot seed structure of monocot and dicot seed the seed monocot seed

The reticulate venation is commonly found in the leaves of

  1. Monocot plants

  2. Dicot plants

  3. Bryophytes

  4. Thallophytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Reticulate venation is the arrangement in which the veins of the leaf cross each other around the midrib. It may be unicostate or multicostate depending on the number of mid-ribs and lobes of the leaf. For example, dicot plant.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination dicot seed structure of monocot and dicot seed the seed monocot seed

Cork of dicot stem comprises of

  1. Phelloderm

  2. Phellem

  3. Phellogen

  4. Phloem
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Cork cambium is a tissue found in many vascular plants as part of the periderm. The cork cambium is a lateral meristem and is responsible for secondary growth that replaces the epidermis in roots and stems. 
Synonyms for cork cambium are phellogen. 
Phellogen is defined as the meristematic cell layer responsible for the development of the periderm.
The periderm thus consists of three different layers:
1. phelloderm – inside of cork cambium; composed of living parenchyma cells
2. phellogen (cork cambium) – meristem that gives rise to periderm
3. phellem (cork) – dead at maturity; air-filled protective tissue on the outside.