Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

4,989 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice biology organization of life the cell structure cytoplasm number and shape of cells

Formation of meristems cork cambium from fully differentiated parenchyma cells is an example of :

  1. Differentiation

  2. Redifferentiation

  3. Dedifferentiation

  4. Regenration
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Cambium is the layer which forms Cork and acts as a secondary meristem from a layer of collenchyma or parenchyma immediately beneath the epidermis. The cells which produce from cork cambium will differentiate and will get mature to perform a specialized function. The living cells which lost the capacity to divide can regain the capacity of the division under certain conditions is called as 'Dedifferentiation.'
So the correct option is 'Dedifferentiation.'
Multiple choice biology organization of life the cell structure cytoplasm number and shape of cells

Any specialized plant cell that is dispersed among cells of a different kind is called a

  1. Marcophyll

  2. Xenophyte

  3. Normoblast

  4. ldioblast
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
An idioblast is an isolated plant cell that differs from neighboring tissues. They have various functions such as storage of reserves, excretory materials, pigments, and minerals. They could contain oil, latex, gum, resin, tannin or pigments etc. So, the correct answer is "Idioblast."
Multiple choice biology cell structure and micro-organisms plant and animal cell cell structure organisation of the organism

The outer covering in addition to cell membrane in plants is called as 

  1. Plasmalemma

  2. Capsule

  3. Cell wall

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The cell wall is a tough, flexible and sometimes rigid layer that surrounds some cells e.g., plant cells. It surrounds the cell membrane and provides these cells with structural support and protection. In addition, the cell wall acts as a filtering mechanism. Animals do not have a cell wall.

Multiple choice biology the life cycle of animals how do animals reproduce? excretory, nervous and reproductive system structure and functions of living organisms -ii

Read the following statements(A-E) and answer as asked
$(1)$ In Equisetum the female gametophyte is retained on the parent sporophyte
$(2)$ In Ginkgo male gametophyte is not independent.
$(3)$ The sporophyte in Riccia is more developed than that in Polytrichum
$(4)$ Sexual reproduction in Volvox is isogamous
$(5)$ The spores of slime moulds lack cell walls
How many of the given statements are correct?

  1. Two

  2. Three

  3. Four

  4. One
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Let us evaluate the statements: (1) In Equisetum, spores give rise to independent free-living gametophytes (false). (2) In Ginkgo, male gametophytes develop within pollen grains and are not independent (true). (3) The sporophyte of Riccia is very simple and less developed than that of Polytrichum (false). (4) Sexual reproduction in Volvox is oogamous, not isogamous (false). (5) Spores of slime moulds possess true cell walls (false). Thus, only one statement is correct.

Multiple choice biology classification of plants thallophyta cryptograms kingdom plantae

Plants without well differentiated stem, root and leaf are kept in 

  1. Thallophyta

  2. Angiosperm

  3. Pteridophyta

  4. Gymnosperm
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Thallophyta is the simplest of plants that do not have a well-differentiated body design. For example, Algae do not have leaves, stems or roots.
Pteridophyta includes fern plants which possess the plant body differentiated into stem, leaves, and roots. They also possess naked embryos in the form of spores underneath the leaf.
Gymnosperms were the first plants to have a seed habit. These are the plants which possess naked seeds. For example, Pinus, cycas and other coniferous trees are gymnosperms.
Angiosperms are highly evolved plants with flowers, fruits, and seeds. They are also called as flowering plants. These plants possess seeds enclosed inside the fruit. The seed germinates develops into a new plant. Angiosperms are divided into two groups, namely, monocots and dicots based on the number of cotyledons that they have.

Multiple choice biology classification of plants thallophyta cryptograms kingdom plantae

Plants with hidden reproductive organ are called as

  1. Gymnosperms

  2. Cryptogamae

  3. Phanerogams

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Cryptogamae means hidden reproduction, referring to the fact that no seed is produced, thus cryptogams represent the non-seed bearing plants. A cryptogam is a plant that reproduces by spores, without flowers or seeds. 

Gymnosperm are any vascular plant that reproduces by means of an exposed seed, or ovule. Unlike angiosperms, or flowering plants, whose seeds are enclosed by mature ovaries, or fruits, the seeds of many gymnosperms are borne in cones and are not visible until maturity. 
Phanerogams are any plant that produces seeds (rather than spores).
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology classification of plants thallophyta cryptograms kingdom plantae

Embryo is not formed in thallophyta due to:

  1. Zygotic meiosis

  2. Zygotic mitosis

  3. Sporangial meiosis

  4. Gametic meiosis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Thallophyta (algae) reproduce sexually when male gametes and female gametes fuse to form zygote. Zygote immediately undergoes meiosis and it gives haploid gametes. Thus, embryo is not formed.
So, the correct option is 'Zygotic meiosis'
Multiple choice biology cell-the basic unit of life number and shape of cells unicellular and multicellular organisms cell parameters diversity and classification in animals

Large plant cells are

  1. Xylem vessel cells.

  2. Parenchyma cells.

  3. Sieve tube cells.

  4. Sclerenchyma fibres.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Sclerenchyma, in plants, support tissue composed of any of various kinds of hard woody cells. Mature sclerenchyma cells are usually dead cells that have heavily thickened secondary walls containing lignin. The cells are rigid and nonstretchable and are usually found in nongrowing regions of plant bodies, such as the bark or mature stems. Sclerenchyma is one of the three types of ground, or fundamental, tissue in plants.Sclerenchyma fibers can be found below the epidermis of monocotyledons, organized in two or three layers of cells. They are known as cortical fibers. Thus correct option is D.

Multiple choice biomacromolecules biotechnology cell biology and biotechnology biomolecules biology

The most resistant organic substance which can withstand environmental extremes and cannot be degraded by any enzyme is 

  1. Lignin

  2. Suberin

  3. Cutin

  4. Sporopollenin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Sporopollenin is found in outer layer or exine of pollen grains. It is extremely resistant and can withstand extremes of temperature presumably as an adaptation to protect the male gametophyte. The exine is weak at few points where sporopollenin is missing. These are germ pores from where pollen germinates that is, pollen tube protrudes out during  germination.

So, the correct answer is 'Sporopollenin'

Multiple choice biology what do animals eat? digestion in ruminants nutrition in other organisms busy at work - our internal organs

Grass is rich in the substance called as

  1. Amino acid

  2. Fatty acid

  3. Cellulose

  4. Pepsin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
The grass is a bulb plant. The cell wall of grass leaves is made of cellulose. Cellulose is stored food substance in plants and it is typically the most abundant constituent by mass in the grass.
So, the correct answer is 'Cellulose'.
Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot root internal structure of root(dicot and monocot) anatomy of root

Monocotyledonous root differs from dicot root in which of the following internal features (a to d)?


a. Presence of parenchymatous pericycle
b. Absence of fewer xylem bundles
c. Presence of large and well-developed pith
d. Presence of parenchymatous cortex without intercellular spaces

Find out the correct option.

  1. a, c, & d

  2. b & d

  3. b & c

  4. a & d
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Monocot roots differ from dicot roots by having a large, well-developed pith (c) and a polyarch xylem arrangement. The cortex is parenchymatous (d), and the pericycle (a) is also parenchymatous.