Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot leaf internal structure of leaf (dicot and monocot) anatomy of leaf internal structure of dicot leaf

Monocot leaves possess

  1. Intercalarly meristem

  2. Lateral meristem

  3. Apical meristem

  4. Mass meristem
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • The shoots can be categorized as long shoots and short shoots (on the basis of the distance between two nodes).
  • Internode is the length of the stem between two nodes.
  • The variable length of internodes in culm of sugarcane is mainly due to the presence of intercalary meristem (residual apical meristem).
  • An intercalary meristem is the meristems present at the base of the internodes of stem or leaf.
  • It helps in the elongation and growth of the plants at the nodes and internodes (stems and leaves).
  • In monocots such as in grasses it enables longitudinal growth of the leaves and in hollow stem or culm of bamboo and sugarcane, it helps in increasing the length of the stems.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Intercalary meristem'.
Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot leaf internal structure of leaf (dicot and monocot) anatomy of leaf internal structure of dicot leaf

In grass, ligule occurs on

  1. Sheathing leaf base

  2. Leaf blade

  3. Petiole

  4. Between sheathing leaf base and leaf blade
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A ligule is a thin outgrowth which is found at the junction of sheathing leaf base (leaf base is broad and surrounds the stem as an envelope) and leaf blade. It is commonly a form of a translucent membrane or a fringe of hairs. The ligule appears to be a continuation of the leaf sheath and encircles the stem as done by the leaf sheath.

So, the correct answer is 'Between sheathing leaf base and leaf blade'.

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot leaf internal structure of leaf (dicot and monocot) anatomy of leaf internal structure of dicot leaf

Amphistomatic leaf, with stomata distributed equally on both the surfaces, is an example of ______________.

  1. Isobilateral leaf

  2. Dorsiventral leaf

  3. Xerophytic leaf

  4. Hydrophytic leaf
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Leaf having stomata equally distributed on both surfaces is called amphistomatic (isobilateral) leaf, e.g., most monocot leaves.

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot leaf internal structure of leaf (dicot and monocot) anatomy of leaf internal structure of dicot leaf
Bundle sheath extensions in a dicot leaf and in a monocot leaf are ________ and ________ respectively.

  1. Parenchymatous, Collenchymatous

  2. Parenchymatous, Sclerenchymatous

  3. Sclerechymatous, Parenchymatous

  4. Collenchymatous, Sclerenchymatous
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • In dicot leaf, bundle sheath is generally single-layered and formed of colourless cells. Bundle sheath extensions are parenchymatous. 
  • In monocot leaf, bundle sheath may be single or double layered and the cells generally possess chloroplasts. Bundle sheath extensions are sclerenchymatous.
Thus, the correct option is (B).
Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot leaf internal structure of leaf (dicot and monocot) anatomy of leaf internal structure of dicot leaf

Bulliform or motor cells are present on.

  1. Root

  2. Stem

  3. Isobilateral leaf

  4. Dorsiventral leaf
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The large sized, thin-walled, water containing colourless epidermal cells present on the adaxial epidermis of an isobilateral leaf or monocot leaf are called bulliform cells.

So, the correct option is ‘Isobilateral leaf’.

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot leaf internal structure of leaf (dicot and monocot) anatomy of leaf internal structure of dicot leaf

Which of the following is true about a monocot leaf?

  1. Reticulate venation

  2. Absence of bulliform cells from epidermis

  3. Mesophyll not differentiated into palisade and spongy tissues

  4. Well differentiated mesophyll
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In the monocot leaf, mesophyll is undifferentiated, shows spongy parenchyma with oval-shaped cells.

So, the correct option is ‘Mesophyll not differentiated into palisade and spongy tissues'.

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot leaf internal structure of leaf (dicot and monocot) anatomy of leaf internal structure of dicot leaf

An undifferentiated mesophyll is found in

  1. Isobilateral leaves

  2. Dorsiventral mesophytic leaves

  3. Dorsiventral xerophytic leaves

  4. Vertical leaves
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A.Isobilateral leaves – Mesophyll is undifferentiated, contains spongy parenchyma only.

B.Dorsiventral mesophytic leaves – Mesophyll is differentiated into upper palisade parenchyma and lower spongy parenchyma.

C.Dorsiventral xerophytic leaves – Mesophyll is differentiated into upper and lower palisade parenchyma and middle spongy parenchyma.

D.Vertical leaves - Mesophyll is differentiated into upper and lower palisade parenchyma and middle spongy parenchyma.

So, the correct option is ‘isobilateral leaves’.

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot leaf internal structure of leaf (dicot and monocot) anatomy of leaf internal structure of dicot leaf

What differentiates a dicot leaf from monocot leaf?

  1. Stomata only on upper side

  2. Differentiation of palisade and spongy parenchyma

  3. Parallel venation

  4. Stomata on upper and lower sides
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Dicot leaf differs from monocot leaf anatomically in terms of presence of more number of stomata in the lower epidermis, presence of differentiated mesophyll,  and vascular bundle.

So, the correct option is 'Differentiation of palisade and spongy parenchyma'.

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot leaf internal structure of leaf (dicot and monocot) anatomy of leaf internal structure of dicot leaf

Isobilateral leaf is characterised by

  1. Similarly green two surfaces

  2. Amphistomatic nature

  3. Undifferentiated mesophyll

  4. All the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Leaf, in which both surfaces are similar in appearance are called isobilateral leaves. These are found in monocotyledons. It is due to the presence of spongy parenchyma.

So, the correct option is ‘Similarly two green surfaces’.    

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot leaf internal structure of leaf (dicot and monocot) anatomy of leaf

Which one describes the correct features of plant leaves?

  1. Hair on the lower surface and waxy cuticle

  2. Hair on the upper surface an no cuticle

  3. Epidermis without stomata

  4. Presence of endodermis and casparian strips
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • Leaves have a layer of waxy cuticle on their surface as it helps in preventing water loss due to excess transpiration. The leaves may also have hair on the lower surface which act as trichomes and protect the surface of the leaves.
  • The epidermis of the leaves has minute pores called stomata through which gaseous exchange takes place.
  • Endodermis and Casparian strips are present in the roots of the plants.
So, the correct answer is 'Hair on the lower surface and waxy cuticle'.

Multiple choice botany plant tissues introduction to tissue tissues - "the teams of workers" introduction to tissues

Study of external structure of a plant is called

  1. Histology

  2. Morphology

  3. Taxonomy

  4. Phyllotaxy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  1. Histology is known as the study of the microscopic structure of tissue or the branch of biology deals with the study of tissues.
  2. Morphology is the branch of biology that deals with the external structure of the plant like root, shoot, leaves etc.
  3. Taxonomy is the branch of biology that deals with the nomenclature of the organism.
  4. Phyllotaxy is the pattern of arrangement of leaves on the stem or branch.
So, the correct answer is 'Morphology'

Multiple choice botany plant tissues introduction to tissue tissues - "the teams of workers" introduction to tissues

In a woody dicotyledonous tree, which of the following parts will mainly consist of primary tissues -

  1. Stem and root

  2. All parts

  3. Shoot tips and root tips

  4. Flowers, fruit and leaves
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
In a woody dicotyledonous tree, the meristems which occur at tips of roots and shoots produce primary tissues and are called apical meristems.
So, the correct answer is 'Shoot tips and Root tips'.
Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction alternation of generation in angiosperms alternation of generation angiosperms

Which one of the following shows the last diploid stage in the life cycle of angiosperms?

  1. Microspore mother cell

  2. Zygote

  3. Nucellus

  4. Pollen grain
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
A. Microspore mother cell or MMC is the diploid germ cell which forms microspores (pollen) by the process of microsporogenesis.
B. Zygote is the diploid structure formed by the fusion of male and female gametes.
C. Nucellus is the central part of ovule in which embryo is present. It is triploid.
D. Pollen grain or microspore is the haploid male gamete.
In the life cycle of angiosperms, zygote gives rise to a complete plant. The plant has germ cells which are diploid and produce gametes. The gametes then fuse to form a zygote. Hence, microspore mother cell is the last diploid stage because after that, haploid gametes are formed.
So, the correct answer is 'Microspore mother cell'.
Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction alternation of generation in angiosperms alternation of generation angiosperms

A diploid parent plant body produces _______ gametes and a haploid parent plant body produces _________ gametes.

  1. Diploid, haploid

  2. Haploid, diploid

  3. Diploid, diploid

  4. Haploid, haploid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
A diploid parent plant body produces haploid gametes (by reductional division) and a haploid parent plant body produces haploid gametes (by equational division). As the gametes are to be haploid since after union they will re-establish the ploidy level similar to the parent generation.
So, the correct answer is 'Haploid, haploid'.