Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

4,989 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice biology plant tissues tissues of plants levels of organisation in plants structural organization in living organisms

The stalk of a leaf is derived from which one of the following types of plant tissue?

  1. Sclerenchyma

  2. Paranchyma

  3. Chlorenchyma

  4. Collenchyma
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Collenchyma is a structural tissue that provides flexible support to growing plant organs like petioles and young stems. It is characterized by unevenly thickened cell walls that allow for both strength and growth.

Multiple choice biology plant tissues tissues of plants levels of organisation in plants structural organization in living organisms

Which of the following tissue provides mechanical support to the growing parts of the plants such as young stem and petiole of a leaf ?

  1. Parechyma

  2. Sclerenchyma

  3. Collenchyma

  4. Chlorenchyma
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Collenchyma is a living plant tissue characterized by unevenly thickened cell walls, providing mechanical strength and flexibility to growing plant organs such as young stems and petioles.

Multiple choice biology plant tissues tissues of plants levels of organisation in plants structural organization in living organisms
Identify the simple tissue from the following.

  1. Parenchyma

  2. Xylem

  3. Epidermis

  4. Phloem
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Simple permanent tissue: Made up of only one type of cells. Parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma.

Complex permanent tissues: Made up of many kinds of cells.Xylem and pholem.
Parenchyma: It is most simple and unspecialized tissue which is concerned mainly with the ordinary vegetative activities of the plant.
So, the correct answer is 'Parenchyma'.

Multiple choice biology plant tissues tissues of plants levels of organisation in plants structural organization in living organisms

Match the following and choose the correct option from below

A. Meristem (i) Photosynthesis, storage
B. Parenchyma (ii) Mechanical support
C. Collenchyma (iii) Actively dividing cells
D. Sclerenchyma (iv) Stomata
E. Epidermal tissue (v) Sclereids

  1. A-(i), B-(iii), C-(v), D-(ii), E-(iv)

  2. A-(iii), B-(i), C-(ii), D-(v), E-(iv)

  3. A-(ii), B-(iv), C-(v), D-(i), E-(iii)

  4. A-(v), B-(iv), C-(iii), D-(ii), E-(i)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A. Meristem: It includes group or cluster of cells which remain in a continuous state of division or retain their power of division.

B. Parenchyma: It performs the function of storage of reserve food materials, storage of water in succulents, Buoyancy and gaseous exchange in water plants.
C. Collenchyma: It is the chief supporting tissue in young dicotyledonous stems. The tissue has the capacity to expand and gives tensile strength to the body.
D. Sclerenchyma: It consists of thick-walled dead cells. It is of two main types: Fibres and Sclereids. Sclereids are short and possess extremely thick lamellated lignified walls with long tubular simple pits.
E. Epidermal tissue:  The tissue originates from the outermost layer of the apical meristem. It has epidermis, cuticle and wax, Stomata, Trichomes. Singular of stomata is stoma. A typical stoma is microscopic and usually consists of two kidney-shaped guard cells surrounding a pore.
So, the correct answer is 'A-(iii), B-(i), C-(ii), D-(v), E-(iv)'.


Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot leaf internal structure of leaf (dicot and monocot) anatomy of leaf

In monocot leaves, the mesophyll Consists of

  1. Aerenchyma

  2. Only Spongy chlorenchyma

  3. Only Palisade Chlorenchyma

  4. Palisade and Spongy Chlorenchyma
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Mesophyll in monocot leaves lie between the two layers of epidermis and is not differentiated in palisade and spongy tissues. Instead, the undifferentiated mesophyll is similar to spongy tissue. It consists of the mesophyll cells that are chlorenchymatous and contain a number of chloroplasts. 
So the correct answer is 'Only spongy chlorenchyma'.
Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot leaf internal structure of leaf (dicot and monocot) anatomy of leaf

Select the true statement for a isobilateral leaf.

  1. The stomata are present on both the surfaces

  2. Mesophyll is differentiated into palisade & spongy

  3. Cuticle is always absent on both surfaces

  4. Vascular bundles are open & conjoint
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Monocot leaves are called isobilateral leaves since both the sides of monocot leaves are more or less similar. Isobilateral leaves orient themselves parallel to the main axis and parallel to the direction of sunlight. Epidermis is single layered, present on both surfaces and has cuticles (cuticularized) and stomata on both surfaces (amphistomatic). It  is composed of compactly arranged oval or barrel shaped thin walled parenchymatous cells. Mesophyll is the ground tissue that is present between the two epidermal layers. Vascular bundles are of two types- small bundles are abundant and larger bundles are found in between them.

So the correct option is 'the stomata are present on both the surfaces'.

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot leaf internal structure of leaf (dicot and monocot) anatomy of leaf internal structure of dicot leaf

Mark out the incorrect statements.


A) Bulliform cells are found on adaxial epidermis of grasses.
B) All vascular bundles have different size in leaf showing parallel venation.
C) Endodermis, pericycle, vascular bundle and pith constitute the stele.
D) Bastfibresare absent in primary phloem.

  1. B only

  2. D only

  3. A & B only

  4. B & C only
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Generally, the patterns of the leaf veins, or vascular bundles are pinnate and the veins are free; that is, they all diverge and never coalesce, either along their sides or at the ends. So, the incorrect statement is all vascular bundles have different size in leaf showing parallel venation.

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot leaf internal structure of leaf (dicot and monocot) anatomy of leaf internal structure of dicot leaf

Dorsiventral leaf is identified by the presence of

  1. Stomata on both the epidermis

  2. Stomata mainly present on the lower epidermis

  3. No stomata on the epidermis

  4. Sunken stomata on the upper epidermis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In dorsiventral leaf, epidermis is in two layers, one on each surface of the leaf. Both the layers are composed of compactly arranged, barrel-shaped cells. Intercellular spaces are absent. A cuticle surrounds both the layers. Multicellular hairs called as trichomes are present on both the layers. Stomata occur only in the lower epidermis. This condition is described as hypostomatic. 

Mesophyll is the ground tissue that occurs between the two epidermal layers. It is exclusively composed of chlorenchyma cells. The mesophyll is characteristically differentiated into two regions, namely an upper palisade parenchyma and a lower spongy parenchyma. Thus, option B is correct.

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot leaf internal structure of leaf (dicot and monocot) anatomy of leaf internal structure of dicot leaf

Bulliform or motor cells occur in

  1. Upper epidermis of dicot leaves

  2. Upper epidermis of monocot leaves

  3. Lower epidermis of monocot leaves

  4. Lower epidermis of dicot leaves
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Bulliform cells or motor cells are large, bubble shaped epidermal cells that occur in groups on the upper surface of the leaves of many grasses. Loss of turgor pressure in these cells causes leaves to roll up during water stress. During drought, the loss of moisture through vacuoles induces bulliform cells to cause the leaves of many grass species to close as the two edges of the grass blade fold up toward each other. Once, adequate water is available, these cells enlarge and the leaves open again. Bulliform cells are absent in dicot leaves. 
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot leaf internal structure of leaf (dicot and monocot) anatomy of leaf internal structure of dicot leaf

In isobilateral leaves

  1. Lower surface is brighter green

  2. Upper surface is lighter green

  3. Both the surfaces are equally green

  4. Upper surface is dark green while the lower surface is lighter green
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Leaves, in which both sides appear in equally green color are called isobilateral leaves. It is due to the presence of spongy parenchyma.

So, the correct option is ‘both the surface are equally green’.

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot leaf internal structure of leaf (dicot and monocot) anatomy of leaf internal structure of dicot leaf

Many grass leaves are capable of folding and unfolding due to

  1. Parallel veins

  2. Isobilateral nature

  3. Thin lamina

  4. Bulliform cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Many grass leaves, folds during drought conditions and unfolds during moisturized conditions. It is due to the presence of large, thin-walled cells present on the adaxial side of the upper epidermis, called Bulliform cells.

So, the correct option is ‘Bulliform cells’.

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot leaf internal structure of leaf (dicot and monocot) anatomy of leaf internal structure of dicot leaf

Leaves of many grasses are capable of folding and unfolding because they

  1. Are very thin

  2. Are isobilateral

  3. Have specialised bulliform cells

  4. Have parallel vascular bundles
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Grasses have monocot leaves. Leaves of grasses have specialized bulliform cells on the upper epidermis. These bulliform cells are capable of folding and unfolding of leaves to help in the process of transpiration. 

Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot leaf internal structure of leaf (dicot and monocot) anatomy of leaf internal structure of dicot leaf

Monocot leaves possess

  1. Intercalarly meristem

  2. Lateral meristem

  3. Apical meristem

  4. Mass meristem
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • The shoots can be categorized as long shoots and short shoots (on the basis of the distance between two nodes).
  • Internode is the length of the stem between two nodes.
  • The variable length of internodes in culm of sugarcane is mainly due to the presence of intercalary meristem (residual apical meristem).
  • An intercalary meristem is the meristems present at the base of the internodes of stem or leaf.
  • It helps in the elongation and growth of the plants at the nodes and internodes (stems and leaves).
  • In monocots such as in grasses it enables longitudinal growth of the leaves and in hollow stem or culm of bamboo and sugarcane, it helps in increasing the length of the stems.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Intercalary meristem'.
Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot leaf internal structure of leaf (dicot and monocot) anatomy of leaf internal structure of dicot leaf

In grass, ligule occurs on

  1. Sheathing leaf base

  2. Leaf blade

  3. Petiole

  4. Between sheathing leaf base and leaf blade
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A ligule is a thin outgrowth which is found at the junction of sheathing leaf base (leaf base is broad and surrounds the stem as an envelope) and leaf blade. It is commonly a form of a translucent membrane or a fringe of hairs. The ligule appears to be a continuation of the leaf sheath and encircles the stem as done by the leaf sheath.

So, the correct answer is 'Between sheathing leaf base and leaf blade'.