Botany and Plant Science

Clerodendron shows cymose inflorescence so younger flowers are present at the base of the inflorescence, while older flowers are present at the top. Such an arrangement is called basipetal succession. The peripheral flowers open first.

The primary role of a flower is reproduction. They are the reproductive organs of a plant and they help in the joining of the pollen and the ovules to produce an offspring.

The bulb is the modified underground stem surrounded by the fleshy leaves. It usually contains stored food like the tulip bulb. Also, a capsule is a type of simple but mostly dry and dehiscent fruit. Some examples are Cotton, Eucalyptus, Datura, Witch Hazel. Orchid seeds don’t have endosperm. Primrose is having free central placentation.

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

The wrong statement is " the side of the flower towards the bract is called posterior side"

A small part of a plant which is removed by making a cut with a sharp knife is called a 'cutting'. A cutting may be a piece of stem, root or even a leaf. While making a cut, care should be taken to see that there are some buds on it. Cutting is a part of artificial reproduction. In this method, a cutting of the parent plant (say, of stem or shoot) having some buds on it is taken and its lower part is buried in the moist soil. After a few days, the cutting develops roots, shoot and grows into a new plant. Cuttings are a means of asexual reproduction in plants. The new plant formed from a cutting is exactly similar to the parent plant. The plants like rose, Bougainvillea, Chrysanthemum, grapes, sugarcane, bananas, and cactus, etc., can be grown by means of cuttings. For example, rose plant and Chrysanthemum are propagated (or reproduced) by means cuttings from stems (or shoots) as follows. A piece of stem (or side shoot) having bud is cut from an existing rose plant with the help of a knife. The lower part of this gutting is buried in moist soil. After a few days, the end of cutting buried in soil develops roots and later on grows to become a new rose plant. An advantage of cuttings method is that by using this method we can produce many new plants from just one plant quickly, without waiting for flowers and sexual reproduction. 

Floral bud is the undeveloped or embryonic shoot which is protected by the sepals during bud stage which gets mature and it forms coloured petals that helps flower to attract pollinators.

1. Maize has an inflorescence of spikelets as flowers are born on an axis called rachilla surrounded by bracts.
2. Datura flower is bell-shaped and a solitary flower.
3. Chrysanthemum often shows solitary head inflorescence.
4. Marigold has spike inflorescence means with short or no pedicel are elongated and unbranched peduncle.

The flower is considered as the modified shoot that is meant for reproduction and contains the reproductive organs stamen (male reproductive part) and pistil (female reproductive part) and after fertilization, its parts convert into fruits and vegetables as a result of reproduction.

Carpels, pistil or gynoecium are the female reproductive part of the flower that consists of a stigma that holds the pollen grains, the style that leads the path of pollen tube and ovary produce small structures called ovules or ovum (female gamete).

Cloves represent the flower bud. They are aromatic.  They are flower buds of a tree Syzygium aromaticum belonging to the family Myrtaceae.

Free petals - Polypetalous 

Sweet potato is a root tuber, not a flower; Castor has endospermic seeds; Vallisneria is dioecious; Zostera is marine and exhibits epi-hydrophily. The pair A and D contains errors.

Unisexual flowers only have either the gynoecium or the androecium. Example of unisexual flowers are : Coconut, Papaya, Watermelon.