Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice biology biological diversity species, communities and ecosystems kingdom fungi monera, protista, fungi

Midrib is present in leaves of

  1. Monocots

  2. Bryophytes

  3. Pteridophytes

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
option (d) is correct.
Explanation- It is in this layer that photosynthesis occurs. it contains a prominent midrib at the centre of the leaf blade which is the main vein. From this midrib arise branches called veins. they are of different types depending upon the type of edges, the pattern of the veins and the number of blades per leaf.
Multiple choice special tissues plant tissues plant tissues - internal morphology and anatomy anatomy of flowering plants biology

The specialized tissue includes

  1. Sclereid

  2. Sclerenchyma

  3. Nectaries

  4. Collenchyma
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The specialized tissue includes nectaries. Floral nectaries are generally located at the base of the perianth, so pollinators are made to brush the flower's reproductive structures, the anthers and pistil, while accessing the nectar. Nectar is a sugar-rich liquid produced by plants in glands called as nectaries, either within the flowers with which it attracts pollinating animals or by extrafloral nectaries, which provide a nutrient source to animal mutualists, which in turn provide antiherbivore protection. 
Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice special tissues plant tissues plant tissues - internal morphology and anatomy anatomy of flowering plants biology

.......... protects the plants completely.

  1. Parenchyma

  2. Phloem

  3. Cell wall

  4. Epidermis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The entire surface of the plant consists of a single layer of cells called as epidermis or surface tissue. The entire surface of the plant has this outer layer of epidermis. Hence, it is also called as surface tissue. Most of the epidermal cells are relatively flat. The outer and lateral walls of the cell are often thicker than the inner walls. The cells forms a continuous sheet without intercellular spaces. It protects all parts of the plant. 

Multiple choice special tissues plant tissues plant tissues - internal morphology and anatomy anatomy of flowering plants biology

Which of the following is not adaptation of xerophytes?

  1. Spongy tissue

  2. Well developed mechanical tissue

  3. Well developed vascular tissue

  4. Thick cuticle
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A xerophyte is a species of plant that has adapted to survive in an environment with little water, such as a desert or an ice or snow covered region in the Alps or the Arctic. The morphology and physiology of xerophytes are variously adapted to conserve water, and commonly also to store large quantities of water, during dry periods. Other species may be adapted to survive long periods of desiccation of their tissues, during which their metabolic activity may effectively shut down. So, thick cuticle, well developed mechanical tissue and vascular tissue are the adaptations for xerophytes. The spongy mesophyll's function is to allow for the interchange of gases (CO$ _2$) that are needed for photosynthesis.The spongy mesophyll cells are less likely to go through photosynthesis than those in the palisade mesophyll which are not required for xerophytes. 

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice special tissues plant tissues plant tissues - internal morphology and anatomy anatomy of flowering plants biology

Procambium is situated just behind apical meristem. Procambium gives rise to 

  1. Primary vascular bundle

  2. Fascicular cambium

  3. cork cambium

  4. Both (1) and (2)`
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Procambium is a primary meristematic tissue that differentiates into primary vascular tissues, specifically the primary xylem and primary phloem. It is distinct from the vascular cambium, which is a secondary meristem.

Multiple choice special tissues plant tissues plant tissues - internal morphology and anatomy anatomy of flowering plants biology

Ram wanted to see the internal structure of a plant stem. He took the transverse section of the stem and observed under the microscope. He saw a number of cells arranged in 3-4 layers of parenchyma cells, followed by pericycle. To which tissue system do these parts belong?

  1. Vascular tissue system

  2. Ground tissue system

  3. Epidermal tissue system

  4. Meristematic tissue
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  1. Vascular tissue system includes xylem and phloem and helps in food and water conduction.
  2. Ground tissue system mainly consists of simple tissues such as parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma. Parenchyma is usually present in cortex, pericycle, pith and medullary ray.
  3. Epidermal tissue system forms the outer -most covering of the complete plant body. Stomata are present here.
  4. Meristematic tissue contributes to the primary growth of the plant and includes apical and intercalary meristems.
So the correct option is "Ground tissue system".

Multiple choice special tissues plant tissues plant tissues - internal morphology and anatomy anatomy of flowering plants biology

Mesarch xylem is common in

  1. Ferns

  2. Bryophytes

  3. Dicots

  4. Monocots
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Mesarch is used when there is more than one strand of primary xylem in a stem or root and the xylem develops from the middle of a strand in both directions. The metaxylem is thus on both the peripheral and central sides of the strand with the protoxylem between the metaxylem (possibly surrounded by it). 
The leaves and stems of many ferns have mesarch development.
Multiple choice special tissues plant tissues plant tissues - internal morphology and anatomy anatomy of flowering plants biology

Laticiferous vessels are found in

  1. Xylem tissue

  2. Phloem tissue

  3. Cortex

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Lacticiferous vessels are found in plants that produce latex. Laticifers are connected longitudinally to form long chains of coenocytic cells. Laticifers or lacteal ducts are located in the cortex and are specialized type of parenchymatous cells.
So, the correct answer is 'Cortex'

Multiple choice special tissues plant tissues plant tissues - internal morphology and anatomy anatomy of flowering plants biology

Amphiphloic (bicollateral) condition of stele means, that

  1. Phloem is surrounded by xylem

  2. Phloem is on both sides of xylem

  3. Phloem is internal to xylem

  4. Phloem is external to xylem
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In a stele, if phloem is both external and internal to xylem, it is called as bicollateral, as found in leaves mostly and in a few stems. This can be seen in Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae family.

Multiple choice special tissues plant tissues plant tissues - internal morphology and anatomy anatomy of flowering plants biology

Match List I(Type of Tissues/structures) with List II(Characteristic features of the tissue) and select the correct answer using the codes given the lists.

List-I List-II
a. Hydathodes $1$. Balloon-like protrusions into treachery element, developed from Xylem Parenchyma 
b. Collenchyma $2$. Mechanical tissue that consists of living cells, walls rich in pectin and hemicelluloses
c. Periblem $3$. Occur on leaf tips responsible for guttation
d. Tyloses $4$. Meristematic tissue responsible for the development of cortex
  1. A-$2$, B-$3$, C-$4$, D-$1$
  2. A-$3$, B-$2$, C-$1$, D-$4$
  3. A-$2$, B-$3$, C-$1$, D-$4$
  4. A-$3$, B-$2$, C-$4$, D-$1$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hydathodes are structures on leaf tips for guttation (a-3). Collenchyma is a living mechanical tissue with pectin-rich walls (b-2). Periblem is the meristematic layer that develops into the cortex (c-4). Tyloses are balloon-like outgrowths from xylem parenchyma into vessels (d-1).

Multiple choice botany mineral nutrition in plants deficiency diseases and symptoms deficiency symptoms macronutrients and micronutrients

Deficiency symptoms of radially mobilised essential elements will first appear in _________

  1. Younger tissues

  2. Older tissues

  3. Roots

  4. Shoots
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

When essential elements are mobile (radially or systemically), the plant redistributes them from older tissues to younger, actively growing tissues. Therefore, deficiency symptoms for these elements appear first in older tissues.

Multiple choice botany flower androecium and gynoecium flower: accessory parts and reproductive parts reproductive morphology

When the filament of anther is fixed at a point about the middle of the connective and the movement is free in the sac is called as ______

  1. Versatile

  2. Basifixed

  3. Adnate

  4. Dorsifixed
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In most grasses, the attachment is versatile where the filament is attached merely at a point about the middle of the connective so that the anthers can swing on it freely.