Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice botany stem - external morphology morphology of the stem stem shoot system in plants

Two types of plant organs are:

  1. photosynthetic, non-photosynthetic

  2. vegetative and reproductive

  3. nutritive and non-nutritive

  4. organized, non-organized
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The plant organs are classified into vegetative structures that include leaf, root, stem etc and reproductive structures like the flower, fruits and seeds 

So, the correct answer is 'vegetative and reproductive'

Multiple choice botany stem - external morphology morphology of the stem stem shoot system in plants

According to apical cell theory, there is a single apical cell with three cutting faces in the shoot apex. This theory is applicable only some higher algae, bryophytes and pteridophytes and is not applicable to gymnosperms and angiosperms This theory was given by

  1. C. Nageli

  2. Hanstein

  3. Schmidt

  4. Clowes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Apical cell theory by Nageli in 1858, stated that in large number of cryptogams single solitary cell has been found to form the growing point and it was supposed that similar condition exists in higher plants too. The presence of complex growing apices in higher plants cannot be explained by this theory. 
Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice botany stem - external morphology morphology of the stem stem shoot system in plants

The leaf less stem of onion which is produced to bear flower is called as

  1. Thalamus

  2. Scape

  3. Torus

  4. Pedicel
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Scape is the stalk of the stem that attaches the flower to its inflorescence. Onion plants produce a leafless flowering stem which exhibits scape. These have 2-4 leaves that are circular and hollow in cross-section, easily flattened when young. Whereas Torus is the thickened part of the stem from which flower grows. The older name of the torus is thalamus. Pedicel is short flower stalk that attaches the flower to inflorescence.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany stem - external morphology morphology of the stem stem shoot system in plants

Bamboo, grass and mint stem elongate by the activity of 

  1. Primary meristem

  2. Secondary meristem

  3. Intercalary meristems

  4. Apical meristems
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Bamboo, grass and mint stem elongate by the activity of Intercalary meristems. Intercalary meristem at base of leaves or nodes of grasses is responsible for primary growth. Meristems are classified by their location as apical located at root and shoot tips, lateral in the vascular and cork cambia, and intercalary at internodes, or stem regions between the places at which leaves attach and leaf bases. Intercalary meristem cells possess the ability to divide and produce new cells, as do apical and lateral meristems. They differ, however, in being situated between regions of mature tissue, such as at the base of grass leaves, which are themselves located on mature stem tissue.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice botany stem - external morphology morphology of the stem stem shoot system in plants

The basic difference between stem and root is that

  1. Stem is endarch

  2. Stem is exarch

  3. Stem is mesarch

  4. Stem is polyarch
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
In endarch vascular bundle metaxylem lies towards the outer side and protoxylem towards the inner side.
In exarch vascular bundle protoxylem lies towards the outerside and metaxylem towards the centre.
Both dicot and monocot stem has endarch type of vascular bundle and dicot and monocot root have exarch type of vascular bundle.
Multiple choice botany stem - external morphology morphology of the stem stem shoot system in plants

Waxy coating on epidermis of young stem is

  1. Suberin

  2. Periderm

  3. Phellem

  4. Cuticle
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Cuticle is a protecting film covering the epidermis of leaves, young shoots and other aerial plant organs without periderm. 

It consists of lipid and hydrocarbon polymers impregnated with wax and is synthesized exclusively by the epidermal cells. The cuticle is composed of an insoluble cuticular membrane impregnated by and covered with soluble waxes. Cutin, a polyester polymer composed of inter esterified omega hydroxy acids which are crosslinked by ester and epoxide bonds, is the best known structural component of the cuticular membrane.

Multiple choice botany stem - external morphology morphology of the stem stem shoot system in plants

Shoot or stem develops from

  1. Plumule

  2. Radicle

  3. Bothof (A) and (B)

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Shoot or stem develops from plumule. Shoot or stem develops from plumule. Plumule is the future shoot of a plant as radicle is the future root of the plant. Plumule is positively phototrophic.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice botany stem - external morphology morphology of the stem stem shoot system in plants

Lacunar collenchyma is specifically present in hypodermis of

  1. Cucurbita stem

  2. Sunflower stem

  3. Brinjal stem

  4. Maize stem
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Cucurbita stem has lacunar collenchyma or tubular collenchyma which is characterized by the presence of distinct intercellular spaces and deposition of pectocellulose is on the wall of intercellular spaces. Sunflower stem has lamellar or plate collenchyma which is characterized by cell wall thickening on the tangential walls giving the cell lamellar or plates like appearance. Brinjal stem has angular collenchyma which is characterized by deposition of pectocellulose are at the angles of the cell. Maize stem has sclerenchymatous hypodermis.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice evs nutrition and its deficiency nutrients and foodstuffs introduction to nutrients nutrition and its need simple test for nutrients test for nutrients

The inner most layer of anther is tapetum whose function is?

  1. Dehiscence

  2. Mechanical

  3. Nutrition

  4. Protection
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The tapetal layer is of great physiological significance as all the food material entering into the sporogenous tissue diffuses through this layer. Ultimately the cells of tapetal layer disorganise. Thus, tapetum makes a nutritive layer for the developing microspores or pollen grains.

Multiple choice biology biological diversity species, communities and ecosystems kingdom fungi monera, protista, fungi

Which one is true of male gamete of angiosperms?

  1. Large nucleus

  2. Thick sheath of cytoplasm

  3. Thin sheath of cytoplasm devoid of ce organelles

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Pollen grains form the first cell of male gametophytic generation.It divides into two unequal cells; a small generative cell and a larger vegetative cell. During the germination of pollen tube over the carpel, the vegetative tube nucleus migrates into the pollen tube and reaches up to the distal end. The generative cell also migrates into the pollen tube and divides to form two male gametes. Each male gamete consists of a large nucleus surrounded by a thin sheath of cytoplasm. 

Thus, the correct answer is option A. 

Multiple choice biology biological diversity species, communities and ecosystems kingdom fungi monera, protista, fungi

The zygote of angiosperms is

  1. Haploid

  2. Diploid

  3. Triploid

  4. Polyploid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • In angiosperms, as the pollen tube penetrates the ovule, it releases two sperm cells. One fuses with the egg to create a diploid zygote which develops into an embryo, while the other joins with the fusion nucleus to form a triploid nucleus that develops into endosperm.
  • So the correct answer is ' Diploid'.