Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

4,989 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice botany root - external morphology zones of the root morphology of root root system in plants

Read the given statements and select the correct ones.
(i) Root caps are present in prop roots. 
(ii) Pneumatophores help to get oxygen for respiration
(iii) Edible part of ginger is underground stem.
(iv) Hydrophytes usually possess a well developed root system 

  1. (i) and (ii) only

  2. (ii) and (iii) only

  3. (i), (ii) and (iii)

  4. (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Following are the correct statements: 

(i) Root caps are present in prop roots.
(ii) Pneumatophores help to get oxygen for respiration.
(iii) The edible part of ginger is the underground stem.
So, the correct answer is '(i), (ii) and (iii)'.

Multiple choice botany root - external morphology zones of the root morphology of root root system in plants

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Root nodules are formed from the cells of:

  1. epidermis

  2. cortex

  3. vascular cylinder

  4. pith
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The bacteria enter the developing nodule through a structure called an infection thread, which grows through the root hair into the basal part of the epidermal cell, and onwards into the root cortex.

So the correct answer is "cortex".

Multiple choice botany root - external morphology zones of the root morphology of root root system in plants

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Radial vascular bundles are found in:

  1. dicot root

  2. monocor root

  3. dicot stem

  4. both dicot and monocot roots
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Radial vascular bundles, where xylem and phloem are arranged in alternating radii, are a characteristic feature of the primary structure of both dicot and monocot roots.

Multiple choice evs developmental journey of seed seed to plants germination of seeds life within the seed

A minimum number of meiotic divisions required to produce $50$ seeds of an angiosperm is?

  1. $13$
  2. $26$
  3. $50$
  4. $63$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

To produce 50 seeds, 50 functional megaspores and 50 male gametes are needed. Each female seed requires 1 meiotic division for the megaspore mother cell, and each pollen grain tetrad requires 1 meiotic division for 4 microspores (meaning 50/4 = 12.5, so 13 pollen mother cell meiotic divisions). Total divisions = 50 + 13 = 63.

Multiple choice evs developmental journey of seed seed to plants germination of seeds life within the seed

Which one of the following events takes place after in angiosperms are _______________.

  1. The pollen grain germinates on the stigma

  2. The pollen tubes enter the embryo sac

  3. Two male gametes are discharged into the embryo sac

  4. The PEN(Primary Endosperm Nucleus) develops into endosperm
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Options (a), (b) and (c) represent the events that take place before fertilisation. Primary endosperm nucleus (PEN) is formed after double fertilisation and develops into endosperm.

Multiple choice biology living organisms and their surroundings living organism living vs nonliving living vs non living

........... is the irreversible increase in size, volume or weight of an organ or organism.

  1. Growth

  2. Reproduction

  3. Digestion

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Growth is regarded as one of the most fundamental and conspicuous characteristics of a living being. What is growth? Growth can be defined as an irreversible permanent increase in size of an organ or its parts or even of an individual cell. Generally, growth is accompanied by metabolic processes (both anabolic and catabolic), that occur at the expense of energy. Therefore, for example, expansion of a leaf is growth.

So, the correct answer is 'Growth'.
Multiple choice biology concept of life living organism living vs nonliving living vs non living

Substances synthesised during growth are

  1. Protoplasmic

  2. Apoplasmic

  3. Protoplasmic and apoplasmatic

  4. Nucleic acids
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The irreversible permanent increase in size, volume or weight of the body is called Growth. During synthesis of protoplasmic and non protoplasmic substances takes place. Synthesis of the protoplasmic substances is called protoplasmic growth and synthesis of non protoplasmic  substances(cell wall) is called apoplasmic growth.

So, the correct option is ‘Protoplasmic and apoplasmic’

Multiple choice biology concept of life living organism living vs nonliving living vs non living

The growth of the root and stem in length with the help of apical meristem is called _________

  1. Primary growth

  2. Secondary growth

  3. Secondary and primary growth

  4. Reproductive growth
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Primary growth is the increase in the length of root and shoot. It is the result of cell division of apical meristem. 


So, the correct option is 'Primary growth'.

Multiple choice self pollination asexual and sexual reproduction in plants botany

Maturation of anthers and stigma at the same time is?

  1. Allogamy

  2. Xenogamy

  3. Homogamy

  4. Dichogamy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Homogamy is the condition in flowers where the anthers (male) and stigma (female) mature at the same time, which facilitates self-pollination.

Multiple choice self pollination asexual and sexual reproduction in plants botany

In cleistogamous flowers

  1. Both geitonogamy and xenogamy are not possible

  2. Only xenogamy is not possible

  3. Only geitonogamy is not possible

  4. Both geitonogamy and xenogamy are possible
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Cleistogamy is a type of automatic self-pollination of certain plants that can propagate by using non-opening, self-pollinating flowers. Since geitonogamy is the fertilization of a flower by pollen from another flower on the same (or a genetically identical) plant and geitonogamy is the fertilization of a flower by pollen from a flower on a genetically different plant and it is known that a cleistogamous flower is unable to pollinate via any of these methods. So, the correct option is "A" (Both geitonogamy and xenogamy are not possible).

Multiple choice self pollination asexual and sexual reproduction in plants botany

Which of the following statement is correct?

  1. Chasmogamous flowers always exhibit geitonogamy

  2. Cleistogamous flowers always exhibit autogamy

  3. Chasmogamous flowers never exhibit autogamy

  4. Cleistogamous flowers exhibit both autogamy and geitonogamy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Cleistogamous flowers remain closed throughout their development, which physically forces the pollen to land on the stigma of the same flower, ensuring autogamy. Chasmogamous flowers are open and can facilitate either self or cross-pollination.

Multiple choice self pollination asexual and sexual reproduction in plants botany

In sunflower, self pollination is avoided by _________.

  1. Protogyny

  2. Unisexuality

  3. Self sterility

  4. Protandry
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A state in androgynous frameworks that is described by the improvement of male organs or development of their items previously the presence of the relating female item hence restraining self-treatment and that is experienced generally in mints, vegetables, and composites.
So, the correct option is 'Protandry'.

Multiple choice self pollination asexual and sexual reproduction in plants botany

In which one of the following plant species can self-pollination never occur either naturally or artificially?

  1. Zen mays

  2. Gossypium hirsutum

  3. Saccharum officinarum

  4. Carica papaya
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Carica papaya is dioecious, meaning male and female flowers are on separate plants. Therefore, self-pollination is naturally and artificially impossible since an individual plant cannot possess both male and female reproductive organs.

Multiple choice self pollination asexual and sexual reproduction in plants botany

Match the entries in Column 1 with those of column 2 and choose the correct answer:

         Column 1(Name of pollination)         Column 2(Type of pollination)
(a) Cleistogamy (m) Insect pollination
(b) Geitonogamy (n) Bud pollination
(c) Entomophily (o) Pollination between flowers in the same plant
(d) Xenogamy (p) Wind pollination
(q) Cross pollination

  1. a-o;b-m;c-q;d-n

  2. a-m;b-q;c-n;d-o

  3. a-n;b-o;c-m;d-q

  4. a-q;b-p;c-o;d-n
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Cleistogamy is the type of automatic self-pollination of certain plants. This is a form that is used to propagate plants by using self-pollinating flowers in bud state. This is also known as bud pollination.

•           Geitonogamy is the process for which the fertilization of a flower by pollen from another flower on the same plant.

•           Entomophily is the process in which pollinations are carried out by insects.

•           Xenogamy is the process of transfer of pollen grains to the stigma of a different plant. This process is cross-pollination.

Thus, the correct answer is option C.