Tag: reformation and enlightenment in europe

The fine arts, literature and history in the Medieval period were centered on religious ideology. The texts were invariably written in Greek and Latin as these languages were considered elite and scholarly. By the dawn of the 13th century, Latin and Greek gave way to regional languages like English, Spanish, and French. The writers of this period adopted the life of the common man as the central theme of their works. The literature of this period was no longer confined to religion and philosophy but gave way to themes that depicted diverse aspects of human life. Similar changes occurred in other art forms like painting and sculpture. This vision, primarily concerned with the various aspects of human life, is known as humanism.

Giovanni Boccaccio was an Italian writer, poet, disciple of Petrarch, and an important Renaissance humanist.  Boccaccio was among notable friends of Petrarch to whom he wrote often.

As a result of growth in trade, a new class of professionals such as bankers, agents, shopkeepers, clerks and accountants emerged. This new class came to be called as the 'middle class'.

He accused the church of the sale of indulgences. In 1517, Luther wrote the 95 thesis or statements dealing with the difference between the beliefs and practices of the church and nailed them on the church door at Wittenburg.

Neel Darpan is a Bengali play written by Dinabandhu Mitra in 1858-1859.

These are the religious wars fought between Christians and Muslims. The Crusades had major political, economic, and social Impacts on Western Europe. It resulted in a substantial weakening of the Byzantine Empire, which fell several centuries later to the Ottoman Empire.