Tag: the dawn of modern culture in europe and india

Weaving methods were improved by Power loom. A power loom is a mechanised loom powered by a line shaft, and was one of the key developments in the industrialization of weaving during the early Industrial Revolution. The first power loom was designed in 1784 by Edmund Cartwright and first built in 1785.

The revolution in agriculture had started before the industrial revolution. The agriculture revolution in 18th century paved the way for the industrial revolution in Britain. New farming techniques and improved live stock breeding led to amplified food production.

It is an instrument meant to know directions. Its needle always points towards the north. 

A shift from God centred literary activities to human centred literary trends is known as humanism. Petrarch is supposed to have been the original thinker who preached humanism. Humanism spread from Italy to other parts of Europe. 

The fine arts, literature and history in the Medieval period were centered on religious ideology. The texts were invariably written in Greek and Latin as these languages were considered elite and scholarly. By the dawn of the 13th century, Latin and Greek gave way to regional languages like English, Spanish, and French. The writers of this period adopted the life of the common man as the central theme of their works. The literature of this period was no longer confined to religion and philosophy but gave way to themes that depicted diverse aspects of human life. Similar changes occurred in other art forms like painting and sculpture. This vision, primarily concerned with the various aspects of human life, is known as humanism.

Giovanni Boccaccio was an Italian writer, poet, disciple of Petrarch, and an important Renaissance humanist.  Boccaccio was among notable friends of Petrarch to whom he wrote often.

Cordial .. effusive.

The Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) was the last ethnic Chinese dynasty, sandwiched between two foreign ones: the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty and the Manchurian Qing Dynasty. It was the fourth longest Chinese dynasty, lasting for 276 years.  It began with a decline in the Mongol Empire and uniting of ethnic Chinese resistance; flourished with a growth in foreign trade, art, and literature; and ended with natural disasters, war, and internal rebellion, which weakened the Chinese ready for defeat by the united Manchurian forces.