Tag: commercial applications of biotechnology

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Questions Related to commercial applications of biotechnology

Multiple choice botany biotechnology: general introduction microbiology: organisms in industry biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

Recombinant DNA technology is related with

  1. C. Darwin

  2. Stanley Cohen

  3. Herbert Boyer

  4. Both (B) and (C)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In 1973 Herbert Boyer, of the University of California at San Francisco, and Stanley Cohen, at Stanford University, reported the construction of functional organisms that combined and replicated genetic information from different species. Their experiments dramatically demonstrated the potential impact of DNA recombinant engineering on medicine and pharmacology, industry and agriculture.

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology: general introduction microbiology: organisms in industry biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

Modified antibiotics are manufactured by the technique of

  1. Ultrafiltration

  2. Ultra centrifugation

  3. Vernalization

  4. Genetic engineering
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Bacteria were the first organisms to be genetically modified. Plasmid DNA containing new genes can be inserted into the bacterial cell and the bacteria will then express those genes. These genes can code for medicines or enzymes that process food and other substrates.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology: general introduction microbiology: organisms in industry biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

The enzyme TPA or tissue plasminogen activator is used for

  1. Dissolving blood clots

  2. Maintaining plasma content

  3. Clearing turbidity of juices

  4. Stimulating thromboplastin production
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Tissue plasminogen activator is a clot-dissolving enzyme that is produced naturally by cells in the walls of blood vessels and catalyzes the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin. A preparation of this enzyme is produced by genetic engineering and used to dissolve clots blocking coronary arteries in heart attack and cranial arteries in certain cases of stroke.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology: general introduction microbiology: organisms in industry biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

Genetic engineering is possible because

  1. The phenomenon of transduction in bacteria is well understood.

  2. We can see DNA by electron microscope.

  3. We can cut DNA at specific sites by endonucleases like DNAase I.

  4. Restriction endonucleases purified from bacteria can be used in vitro.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Genetic engineering is possible because all organisms are based on the same genetic code. DNases which act on specific positions or sequences on the DNA are called as restriction endonucleases. The sequences which are recognised by the restriction endonucleases or restriction enzymes (RE) are called as recognition sequences restriction sites. These sequences are palindromic sequences. Different restriction enzymes present in different bacteria can recognize different or same restriction sites but they will cut at two different points within the restriction site. No two restriction enzymes from a single bacterium will cut at the same restriction site. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology: general introduction microbiology: organisms in industry biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

Which of the following is not a tool of genetic engineering?

  1. Cloning vector

  2. Restriction enzyme

  3. Foreign DNA

  4. GMO
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Genetic engineering is the process of replicating a specific set of genes from a strand of DNA. It is the process of using gene cloning and other genetic manipulation tools to achieve isolate specific genes. 

Tools for genetic engineering:
  • PCR
  • Restriction enzymes
  • Gel electrophoresis
  • DNA Ligase
  • Plasmids 
  • Transformation 
  • Transgenic organisms 
  • So, the correct option is 'Option D'.

Multiple choice zoology human health and diseases vaccination biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

Vaccines prepared through recombinant DNA technology are called

  1. First generation vaccines

  2. Second generation vaccines

  3. Third generation vaccines

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The first generation vaccines consist of live attenuated/ heat killed vaccines in which whole organisms in the weakened live form or heat killed form are injected. Sevcond generation vaccines are those vaccines in which the whole organism is not given. Instead of this a portion called the subunit, which may contain a protein section of the pathogen is given. Third generation vaccines are those in which recombinant techniques are used for the production of vaccines. In this technique DNA encoding the antigen is inserted into a vector which will be recognised as a pathogen in the host. Such that the host immune system generates an immune response against the vector and thereby the antigen. So, the correct answer is 'Third generation vaccines'.

Multiple choice zoology human health and diseases vaccination biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

Hepatitis - B vaccine is 

  1. First generation vaccine

  2. Second generation vaccine

  3. Third generation vaccine

  4. Fourth generation vaccine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

They are three types of vaccines on basis of organism or its part used as antigen.

First generation :They are live/ attenuated pathogen(inactivated)or heat killed pathogen is used.As in BCG vaccine.
Second generation :They are prepared by genetic engineering which contain subsection as protein form or toxoids in case of bacteria.As in hepatitis B vaccine.
Third generation :They are artificially synthesized .It can be recombinant vector vaccines where antigen is a sub-unit of the pathogen and is integrated into another virus against which we have been known to mount  a decent response and then such virus multiplies in a bacteria.As in Ebola vaccine.Hence hepatitis-B vaccine is a second generation vaccine.
So, the correct answer is "second generation vaccine". 

Multiple choice zoology human health and diseases vaccination biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

The letter B in the name BCG vaccination stands for

  1. Brief

  2. Ben-ben

  3. Bacteria

  4. Bacillus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
BCG  vaccine stands for Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine. The letter B in the name BCG vaccination stands for bacillus. BCG vaccine is a vaccine primarily used against tuberculosis(TB). BCG vaccine can be administered after birth intradermally.
So, the correct answer is 'Bacillus'.
Multiple choice biology immune system vaccination biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

Vaccination against smallpox means the introduction into our body of

  1. Leucocytes obtained from an animal

  2. Antibodies produced in other animals

  3. Antibodies

  4. Actual weakened germs or attenuated smallpox virus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Smallpox vaccine is produced from the artificially attenuated smallpox virus. The administration of this vaccine ios called as vaccination against smallpox. As on administration of this vaccine, our body develops immunity against the particular virus.

Thus, the correct answer is option D.