Tag: commercial applications of biotechnology

Recombinant DNA technology allows for the production of specific antigens without using the whole pathogen, which is the most modern and safe technique.

• Hepatitis B vaccine is a vaccine that prevents hepatitis B.
•  The first dose is recommended within 24 hours of birth with either two or three more doses given after that. 
• The vaccine is given by injection into a muscle. Serious side effects of the hepatitis B vaccine are very uncommon. Pain may occur at the site of injection.
•  The current vaccines are produced with recombinant DNA techniques.
• Hence, the Hepatitis B vaccine is Recombinant antigen vaccine.
•   So, the correct answer is 'Recombinant antigen vaccine'.

BCG stands for Bacillus Calmette Guerin, a vaccine given for protection against tuberculosis (T.B.) which is an airborne disease, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The varicella vaccine has resulted in a decrease in the number of cases and complications from the disease. It protects about 70 to 90 percent of people from disease with a greater benefit for severe disease. Routine immunization of children is recommended in many countries. Immunization within three days of exposure may improve outcomes in children. Treatment of those infected may include calamine lotion to help with itching, keeping the fingernails short to decrease injury from scratching, and the use of paracetamol (acetaminophen) to help with fevers.

Polio vaccines are vaccines used to prevent poliomyelitis (polio). Two types are used - an inactivated poliovirus (antigen) given by injection and a weakened poliovirus (antigen) given by mouth. The inactivated polio vaccines are very safe. Mild redness or pain may occur at the site of injection. Oral polio vaccines cause vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis.

DPT (also DTP and DTwP) is a class of combination vaccines against three infectious diseases in humans: diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), and tetanus. The vaccine components include diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and killed whole cells of the bacterium that causes pertussis (wP). So, the correct option is "A" (Diphtheria, Wooping cough, Tetanus).

The standard immunization schedule for DPT (Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus) begins with the first dose at 6 weeks of age.

Second generation vaccines were developed to reduce the risks from live vaccines. These are subunit vaccines, consisting of defined protein antigen like tetanus or diphtheria toxoid or recombinant protein components like hepatitis B surface antigen.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

BCG stands for Bacillus Calmette Guerin, a vaccine given for protection against tuberculosis which is an airborne disease, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.  

The oral polio vaccine (OPV) was developed in 1961 by Albert Sabin. OPV consists of a mixture of live, attenuated (weakened) polio virus strains of all three polio virus types. Rotavirus liquid vaccines are also given by mouth (orally) to infants.