Tag: commercial applications of biotechnology

• Tuberculosis is an infectious disease usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body. The symptoms of active TB is a chronic cough with blood-containing sputum, fever, night sweats, and weight loss.

• Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine is a vaccine primarily used against tuberculosis (TB). In most tuberculosis (TB) endemic countries, bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG) is usually given around birth to prevent severe TB in infants.

• Hence BCG vaccine provides protection against TB.

• So, the correct answer is 'T B'.

The smallpox vaccine protects people from smallpox by helping their bodies develop immunity to smallpox. The vaccine is made from a virus called vaccinia, which is a poxvirus similar to smallpox, but less harmful. The smallpox vaccine contains live vaccinia virus, not a killed or weakened virus like many other vaccines. For that reason, people who are vaccinated must take precautions when caring for the place on their arm where they were vaccinated, so they can prevent the vaccinia virus from spreading. The vaccine does not contain the smallpox virus and cannot give you smallpox. For most people with healthy immune systems, live virus vaccines are effective and safe. Smallpox vaccination can protect you from smallpox for about 3 to 5 years. After that time, its ability to protect you decreases. If you need long-term protection, you may need to get a booster vaccination. 

So, the correct option is 'Weakened germs'.

DPT (also DTP and DTwP) refers to a class of combination vaccines against three infectious diseases in humans diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), and tetanus. The vaccine components include diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and killed whole cells of the organism that causes pertussis (wP).

Explanation: The oral polio vaccine contains a live attenuated virus, that is, the live virus that is capable of multiplying but generally incapable of causing infection. The injectable polio vaccine contains the killed virus.

The complexity of the malaria parasite makes the development of a malaria vaccine a very difficult task. Vaccines are based on triggering an immune response in humans that is known to protect against an infection but there is no such response to malaria in humans.

Measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR live attenuated vaccine) is not advisable during pregnancy because there is a risk to the foetus.

Explanation: Because chickenpox is airborne and is so contagious before the rash appears, it is difficult to avoid. A chickenpox vaccine is available. It is about 100 per cent effective against moderate or severe illness, and 85 or 90 per cent effective against mild chickenpox.

after having pertussis vaccine for whooping cough, infants and children had convulsions which are the involuntary contraction of muscles.