Tag: genetics of the future

In 1952, Selman Abraham Waksman was awarded the Nobel prize in physiology or medicine in recognition for his discovery of streptomycin, the first antibiotic active against tuberculosis

White (also called gray) biotechnology involves industrial processes such as the production of new chemicals or the development of new fuels for vehicles, the use of cells, natural organisms and bio-organic compounds to synthesize materials, instead of petrochemicals or substitution of enzymes for caustic reagents.

Penicillin made a difference during the first half of the 20th century. Penicillin helped reduce the number of deaths and amputations of troops during World War II. According to records, there were only 400 million units of penicillin available during the first five months of 1943.

Biotechnology uses cellular and biomolecular processes to develop technologies and products that help improve our lives and the health of our planet. Plants and animals can be improved by selectively breeding for particular traits or by genetic modification. Beneficial traits can be identified visually or by DNA profiling. Gene modification or transgenesis are used to produce therapeutic human proteins in cells or whole organisms. The cell or organism used depends upon how large and complex the protein is. For example, human insulin. Biotechnology improves crop insect resistance, enhances crop herbicide tolerance and facilitates the use of more environmentally sustainable farming practices.

The Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine 1945 was awarded jointly to Sir Alexander Fleming, Ernst Boris Chain and Sir Howard Walter Florey for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases. 

Genetic engineering is the process of modifying the genetic makeup of an organism. In this, specific genes from one organism are transferred into the chromosome of another organism. Two bacteria commonly employed in genetic engineering are Escherichia and Agrobacterium. Escherichia is widely used in because it is easy and inexpensive to grow. It is easy to manipulate the genome of Escherichia. Agrobacterium is used because of its ability to transfer genes to plants and fungi due to presence of Ti plasmid.

The Western blot is a widely used analytical technique used to detect specific proteins in a sample of tissue homogenate or extract.
HIV - Human Immunodeficiency Virus
AIDS- Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome.

Ross Granville Harrison was an American biologist and anatomist credited as the first to work successfully with artificial tissue culture.

To produce Dolly, sheep a cloned animal where the fin Dorset mammary cell nucleus is injected into the Scottish Blackface ewe oocyte with the help of electricity. The new fused cell is them implanted into a surrogate mother, another Scottish Blackface ewe which develops sheep a clone of fin Dorset sheep. Thus, the correct answer is option B.