Tag: genetics of the future

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Questions Related to genetics of the future

Multiple choice zoology genetics of the future hgp and dna fingerprinting dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given :
Match column I with column II and select the correct option from the given codes.

Column I(Scientists) Column II(Discoveries)
A. Alec Jeffreys (i) Lac operon
B. F. Sanger (ii) Annotated DNA sequences
C. Jacob and Monod (iii) DNA fingerprinting
D. Avery, MacLeod and McCarty (iv) Transforming principle

  1. A - (ii), B - (iii), C - (iv), D - (i)

  2. A - (iii), B - (ii), C - (i), D - (iv)

  3. A - (iii), B - (ii), C - (iv), D - (i)

  4. A - (i), B - (ii), C - (iii), D - (iv)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Alec Jeffreys  is a British geneticist, who developed techniques for genetic fingerprinting and DNA profiling which are now used worldwide in forensic science to assist police detective work and to resolve paternity and immigration disputes. F.Sanger developed the Sanger dideoxy method of sequencing DNA and also is credited for the sequencing of fragments of automated DNA sequences called annotated DNA sequences. This was very helpful for the human genome project that could sequence the entire genetic makeup of the human being.  In 1961, Francois Jacob and Jacques Monod proposed the operon model of gene regulation in bacteria. The model was based on their study of the genes in E. coli that code for enzymes that affect the breakdown of lactose also called the Lac Operon. Avery, MacLeod and McCarty experimentally proved that DNA is the substance or the genetic material that causes transformation in bacteria. 

So, the correct option is 'A - (iii), B - (ii), C - (i), D - (iv)'.

Multiple choice zoology genetics of the future hgp and dna fingerprinting dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting

Which of the following is not associated with DNA fingerprinting?

  1. Southern blotting

  2. Gel electrophoresis

  3. Restriction digestion

  4. DNA sequencing
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

DNA fingerprinting relies on techniques like Southern blotting, gel electrophoresis, and restriction digestion to analyze variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs). DNA sequencing determines the precise nucleotide order of a gene or genome, and while related, it is not a core step of traditional DNA fingerprinting protocols.

Multiple choice zoology genetics of the future hgp and dna fingerprinting dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting

A biotechnological process that has found a significant application in the field of forensic science is

  1. Recombination DNA technology

  2. Tissue culture

  3. DNA fingerprint technology

  4. Genetic engineering
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • DNA fingerprinting also called DNA typing, DNA profiling, genetic fingerprinting, genotyping, or identity testing, in genetics is a method of isolating and identifying variable elements within the base-pair sequence of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). 
  • DNA fingerprinting is currently used both for identifying paternity or maternity and for identifying criminals or victims.
Multiple choice zoology genetics of the future hgp and dna fingerprinting dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting

VNTR is employed for

  1. Protoplasm culture

  2. DNA finger printing

  3. Regulation of plant growth hormones

  4. Enhancing photosynthesis in desert plant
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) refers to the presence of a short nucleotide sequence as a tandem repeat on many chromosomes; it exhibits variations in length and number of repeats between individuals. VNTR are 10-100 bp long. This DNA polymorphism is revealed during DNA finger printing in creating DNA profile of individuals. For the purpose, restriction enzyme digested DNA samples are sorted by gel electrophoresis followed by southern blotting. Finally, radioactive probes are washed over the nylon surface to allow their joining to any DNA fragments of the same composition; option B is correct.  

Protoplasm culture is the fusion of protoplasm of two different species /individuals to bring their traits together in the hybrid. 
Plant growth hormones are the natural as well as artificially synthesized chemicals that control plant growth and development. Genes for abiotic stress tolerance factors such as glycine betaine are cloned in desert plants to increase their photosynthetic capacity by enhancing their tolerance for abiotic stress. The correct answer is B.

Multiple choice zoology genetics of the future hgp and dna fingerprinting dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting

Matching DNA sequence of criminal with suspect is known as

  1. DNA finger printing

  2. DNA amplification

  3. Gene mapping

  4. DNA resolution
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

DNA amplification is the synthesis of multiple copies of small DNA sample which is done by PCR technique. It amplifies the gene of interest in three steps namely denaturation of target DNA (thermal cycle to separate the DNA strands), annealing of primers to the ssDNA and polymerization (extension of primer into complete DNA strand complementary to the template strand). 

Gene mapping is identifying the location of different genes on a chromosome. It is done using recombination frequency (which does not correspond to physical distance) or using RFLPs that generate physical maps. 
The DNA polymorphism in simple-sequence DNA and VNTRs has revealed during DNA finger printing in the identification of suspect since it is very remote possibility to have two individuals same repeats of satellite DNA throughout the genome except they share a biological relationship. This is because a child gets half DNA from father and half from the mother. Restriction enzymes of genome produce the restriction fragments length polymorphisms, or RFLPs depending on the location of restriction sites which are then sorted by gel electrophoresis followed by southern blotting. The blots of the suspect and of the sample from the crime scene are compared for sequence homology using radioactive probes; option A is the correct answer.

Multiple choice zoology genetics of the future hgp and dna fingerprinting dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting

Which of the following can result in inaccurate test results in DNA fingerprinting?

  1. Sample size

  2. Tissue decay

  3. Blood transfussion

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The possibility of having inaccurate test results increases if a very small sample of DNA is available for testing. The chance that the DNA will be mixed up with some other DNA is also higher with a smaller sample. If a person had a blood transfusion within the past 3 months which make the availability of DNA sample of different types. The decay of the tissue sample can also lead to inaccurate results. Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice zoology genetics of the future hgp and dna fingerprinting dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting

What is meant by DNA fingerprinting ?

  1. Techniques used for molecular analysis of different specimens of RNA

  2. Techniques used for identification of fingerprints of individuals

  3. Molecular analysis of profiles of DNA samples

  4. Analysis of DNA samples using imprinting devices
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

DNA finger printing is a technique employed by forensic scientists to assist in the identification of individuals by their respective DNA profiles. This method was developed by Alec Jeffrey.

Multiple choice zoology genetics of the future hgp and dna fingerprinting dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting

Which one of the following pairs of terms/names mean one and the same thing?

  1. Gene pool - Genome

  2. Codon - Gene

  3. Cistron - Triplet

  4. DNA fingerprinting - DNA profiling
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

DNA profiling or fingerprinting is a technique employed by forensic scientists to assist in the identification of individuals by their respective DNA profiles.