Tag: biotechnology

Questions Related to biotechnology

Abzyme is

biology immunity monoclonal antibodies antibody production and vaccination biotechnology

  1. Antienzyme

  2. Antigens

  3. Enzyme-like antibody

  4. Both A and B

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

A single molecule of an Antibody-enzyme or abzyme is capable of catalyzing the destruction of thousands of target molecules.

Antibodies produced by a group of identical B-cells against a single epitope of an antigen is called

biology immunity monoclonal antibodies antibody production and vaccination biotechnology

  1. Polyclonal antibodies

  2. Monoclonal antibodies

  3. Antihapten antibodies

  4. Somaclonal antibodies

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

  • Monoclonal antibodies are antibodies that are made by identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell. 
  • Monoclonal antibodies can have monovalent affinity, in that they bind to the same epitope (the part of an antigen that is recognized by the antibody). 
  • In contrast, polyclonal antibodies bind to multiple epitopes and are usually made by several different plasma cells lineages. Hence, Antibodies produced by a group of identical B-cells against a single epitope of an antigen is called Monoclonal antibodies.
So, the correct answer is 'Monoclonal antibodies'. 

monochlonal antisera are distinguished from polychlonal antisera in which of the following ways?

biology immunity monoclonal antibodies antibody production and vaccination biotechnology

  1. each type of body is monochlonal antiserum reacts against a single region of single antigen;each type of antibody reacts antiserum reacts against multiple regions of antigens.

  2. a monoclonal antibody reacts against multiple regions of a single antigen;a polyclonal antibody reacts against a single region of related antigen

  3. a monoclonal antiserum contains antibodies secreted from the descendants of a single B lymphocyte, a polyclonal antiserum contains antibodies secreted from the descendants of different B lymphocytes

  4. a monoclonal antiserum contains antibodies secreted from the descendants of a single B lymphocyte, a polyclonal antiserum contains antibodies secreted from the descendated of both B and T lymphocytes

  5. a monoclonal antiserum is produced by the descendants of a single B lymphocyte;a polyclonal antiserum is produced by single T lymphocyte

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Monoclonal antibodies are made using identical immune cells that are all clones of a specific parent cell. As such, they will have an affinity for the same antigen and epitope (i.e. are monovalent).

Polyclonal antibodies are made using several different immune cells. They will have an affinity for the same antigen but different epitopes.

Here's the same info in image form:




Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibody Binding. Monoclonal antibodies bind only a single epitope while polyclonal antibodies bind different epitopes on the same protein.

Monoclonal antibodies are much more specific and with less background noise than polyclonal antibodies, and are as such generally preferable for biochemical assays. However, they are also usually more expensive to produce, less robust and are very sensitive to small changes in the antigen.

So the correct option is 'Monoclonal antiserum reacts against a single region of single antigen, Polyclonal antiserum reacts against multiple regions of the same antigens'.

What is true for monoclonal antibodies?

biology immunity monoclonal antibodies antibody production and vaccination biotechnology

  1. These antibodies obtained from one parent and for one antigen

  2. These obtained from different parents and for one antigen

  3. These obtained from one parent and for many antigens

  4. These obtained from many parents and for many antigen

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

  • Antibodies, made from unique, identical cells of different parents, and act on one type of antigens are called Monoclonal antibodies.

So, the correct answer is ‘these obtained from different parents and for one antigen’ this should contain the option which is correct.

Monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antibodies are produced by ________________.

biology immunity monoclonal antibodies antibody production and vaccination biotechnology

  1. T-memory cells

  2. NK-cells

  3. Plasma cells of B-lymphocytes

  4. Memory cells of B-lymphocytes

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Here, correct option is (C) because:

Monoclonal antibodies are produced by the same clone of plasma B cells and they bind to a unique epitope.
Whereas polyclonal antibodies are produced by different clones of plasma B cells and they bind to the different epitopes in the same antigen.

In hybridoma technology.

biology immunity monoclonal antibodies antibody production and vaccination biotechnology

  1. B-cells are fused with myeloma cells

  2. T-cells are fused with myeloma cells

  3. B-cells are fused with T-cells

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

In hybridoma technology antibody producing B cells are fused with myeloma cells. These hybrid cells therefore acquire the capability to generate antibodies and also have the ability to live on indefinitely as it is a hybrid of myeloma cell.  Hence, they are able to generate a large number of monoclonal antibodies. 

So, the correct answer is 'B-cells are fused with myeloma cells'

Which is employed for synthesis of monoclonal antibody by hybridoma technique?

biology immunity monoclonal antibodies antibody production and vaccination biotechnology

  1. RBC

  2. Liver cells

  3. Tumour cells

  4. Nerve cells

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Correct Option: C

The hybridoma cells are 

biology immunity monoclonal antibodies antibody production and vaccination biotechnology

  1. Cells of oncogenes and brain

  2. Hybrid activated B lymphocytes fused with myeloma cells

  3. Hybrid cells of oncogenes fused with myeloma cells

  4. Transformed cells

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A hybridoma cell is produced in the laboratory from the fusion of an antibody-producing lymphocyte and a nonantibody-producing cancer cell, usually a myeloma or lymphoma. It proliferates and produces a continuous supply of a specific monoclonal antibody.

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Kohler and Milstein developed the Hybridoma technology for the production of

biology immunity monoclonal antibodies antibody production and vaccination biotechnology

  1. Myelomas

  2. Steroid conversion

  3. Monoclonal antibodies

  4. Immobilised enzymes

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Kohler and Milstein created hybridomas by fusing malignant myeloma cells with antibody-producing B cells. The myeloma cells have the ability to replicate indefinitely and are clonogenic they will form clones when grown in vitro while the antibody producing b-cells will release the specific antibody. So, the correct answer is option C.

Antibodies made outside the body by hybrid cell cultures are known as

biology immunity monoclonal antibodies antibody production and vaccination biotechnology

  1. Biotechnological antibodies

  2. Specific antibodies

  3. Hybrid antibodies

  4. Monoclonal antibodies

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Monoclonal antibodies are antibodies that are made by identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell. Monoclonal antibodies can have monovalent affinity, in that they bind to the same epitope (the part of an antigen that is recognized by the antibody). In contrast, polyclonal antibodies bind to multiple epitopes and are usually made by several different plasma cell (antibody secreting immune cell) lineages. Bispecific monoclonal antibodies can also be engineered, by increasing the therapeutic targets of one single monoclonal antibody to two epitopes. Given almost any substance, it is possible to produce monoclonal antibodies that specifically bind to that substance; they can then serve to detect or purify that substance. This has become an important tool in biochemistry, molecular biology, and medicine. 

So the correct option is 'monoclonal antibodies'.