Tag: biotechnology

Questions Related to biotechnology

Mobile genetic elements in maize were discovered by ___________.

biology cell biology and biotechnology agritourism biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

  1. D. Baltimore

  2. H. G. Khorana

  3. N. E. Borlaug

  4. B. McClintock

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Correct Option: A

Agro-chemical based agriculture includes

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  1. Fertilisers and pesticides

  2. Genetically modified crops

  3. RNA interference

  4. All of these.

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Agrochemical based agriculture is used to increase the food production. It includes use of agrochemicals such as fertilisers and pesticides.

The Nobel Laureate, who developed semi-dwarf wheat varieties of  

biology cell biology and biotechnology agritourism biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

  1. Norman E Borlaug

  2. Herbert Boyer

  3. William Harvey

  4. Typhoid Mary.

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

  • The Nobel Laureate, Norman E. Borlaug at International Centre for Wheat and Maize Improvement in Mexico , developed semi-dwarf varieties of wheat. Example; Sonalika and Kalyan Sona which are high yielding and disease resistant.
  • Herbert Boyer is a researcher in biotechnology and discovered the restriction enzymes. 
  • William Harvey is the father of circulatory system. 
  • Maer Mallon known as Typhoid Mary . She was the first carrier of the pathogen associated with typhoid fever.
So, the correct option is 'Option A' .

NaCl is harmful to most crop plants. A scientist at the University of Toronto genetically modified a plant so that it could be grown in dry parts of the world where the available water has a high level of NaCl. This genetically modified plant copes with the high levels of NaCl by transporting salt into its vacuoles where it accumulates to abnormally high levels. Which feature would be observed in the genetically modified plant when compared to a non-modified plant?

biology cell biology and biotechnology agritourism biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

  1. The leaves in the modified plant are more yellow in colour.

  2. The modified plant has salt crystals on the surface of its leaves.

  3. The Cytosol (the material between the plasma membrane and the vacuole membrane, excluding the organelles) in the modified plant has a lower osmotic pressure.

  4. The cytosol in the modified plant has a higher osmotic pressure.

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Osmotic pressure is the pressure required to stop the flow of pure water or solvent into a solution across a partially permeable membrane. Water moves from a region of low osmotic pressure to a region of high osmotic pressure. As high leaves of NaCl is accumulated in the cells, of modified plant the osmotic pressure of cytosol is increased. Accumulation of salts in vacuoles causes compartmentalization of salts away from the cytosol and protects cytosol from the harmful effects of the high salt concentration. 

So, the correct answer is 'The cytosol in the modified plant has a higher osmotic pressure.'.

Breeding for disease resistance requires 

biology cell biology and biotechnology agritourism biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

  1. A good source of resistance

  2. Planned hybridisation

  3. Disease test

  4. All of the above

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:
To prevent the plants from bacterial, fungal, viral infections, cultivars resistant to diseases is developed which reduce the dependence on fungicide or insecticide. Method of breeding for disease resistant involves:-
  • Screening of germplasm for resistance sources.
  • Hybridization of the selected parent.
  • Selection and evaluation of hybrids.
  • Testing and release of new varieties.
So, the correct option is 'all of the above'.

Foliar spray of which element is effective?

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  1. Fe

  2. Mn

  3. Cu

  4. All the above

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Foliar spray generally contains the micronutrients of Mn because there exist strong cuticular affinity for the manganese.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Mn'

Natural resistance to late blight of potato is present in

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  1. Solanum tuberosum

  2. Solanum acaule

  3. S. demissum

  4. S. stoioniferum

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Complete destruction of the potato crop by late blight caused the 'Irish potato famine' in the middle of the 19th century, led to the search for resistant plants. Single genes for resistance to late blight (R genes) were discovered nearly 100 years ago in S. demissum, a wild potato species indigenous to Mexico.

Maximum utilization techniques of biotechnology has been made in the field of

biology cell biology and biotechnology agritourism biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

  1. Agriculture

  2. Medicines

  3. Industries

  4. Biogas production

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Biotechnology is the area involving the development of living organisms by so technical applications. It uses biological systems to modify the products. It is largely used in agriculture for developing genetic engineering and new crops yields.

So, the correct option is 'Agriculture'.

Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?

biology classification and variation dna - history and structure biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

  1. Plasmid - small piece of extrachromosomal DNA in bacteria.

  2. Interferon - an enzyme that helps in DNA replication.

  3. Cosmid - a vector for carrying large DNA fragments into host cells.

  4. Myeloma - tumour cells.

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Interferons (IFNs) are proteins made and released by virally infected host cells in response to the presence of pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, or tumor cells to protect the adjacent cells from the infection by interfering the DNA replication of the virus in the host cell. So, the correct answer is option B.

The name of drug used in cancer treatment produced by biotechnology is

biology classification and variation dna - history and structure biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

  1. Interferon

  2. HGH

  3. TSH

  4. Insulin

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Interferons are produced by the body cells as a defensive response to viruses. These belong to the group known as cytokines. Type II interferon is secreted only by natural killer cells and T lymphocytes, its main purpose is to signal the immune system to respond to infectious agents or cancerous growth. So, the correct answer is option A.