Vitamins and Nutrition

Proteins are called the building blocks of life. Proteins are made up of varying combinations of nitrogen-containing amino acids. There are twenty different amino acids that are important to the body. These twenty combine together in hundreds of intricate chemical patterns to create a variety of complex protein structures. 

Vitamin C keeps gums healthy.

1

Vitamin A is essential for maintaining healthy vision, particularly in low-light conditions. It helps produce rhodopsin, a pigment in the retina that enables night vision.

Correct option is (1). 

Vitamin B3 (niacin) prevents and treats pellagra, a disease caused by niacin deficiency characterized by diarrhea, dementia, and skin rashes. Niacin can be obtained from foods like meat, fish, eggs, and legumes. Vitamins A, D, and B6 serve different functions in the body and do not prevent pellagra.

Chemically antibodies are proteins called immunoglobulins.

Vitamins (Option A) are the most heat-sensitive nutrients and are lost in maximum quantities during cooking. Water-soluble vitamins like Vitamin C and B-complex are particularly vulnerable to heat and leaching into cooking water. Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are relatively more stable.

Vitamin B6 also plays a role in gluconeogenesis. Pyridoxal phosphate can catalyze transamination reactions that are essential for the providing amino acids as a substrate for gluconeogenesis.

Fursultiamine is a disulfide derivative of thiamine, or an allithiamine . It has also been investigated in improving energy metabolism during exercise and reducing exercise-induced fatigue with conflicting results.

Folic acid is a form of the water-soluble vitamin B9. Folic acid is itself not biologically active, but its biological importance is due to tetrahydrofolate and other derivatives after its conversion to dihydrofolic acid in the liver.

Panthenol is the alcohol analog of pantothenic acid (vitamin B₅), and is thus a provitamin of B₅. Panthenol is a highly viscous transparent liquid at room temperature. It is soluble in water, alcohol and propylene glycol, soluble in ether and chloroform, and slightly soluble in glycerin.

Pyridoxine assists in the balancing of sodium and potassium as well as promoting red blood cell production. It is linked to cardiovascular health by decreasing the formation of homocysteine. Pyridoxine may help balance hormonal changes in women and aid the immune system. Lack of pyridoxine may cause anemia, nerve damage, seizures, skin problems and sores in the mouth.

Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B₂ or additive E101, is an easily absorbed micronutrient with a key role in maintaining health in humans and animals. It is the central component of the cofactors FAD and FMN, and is, therefore, required by all flavoproteins. As such, vitamin B₂ is required for a wide variety of cellular processes. It plays a key role in energy metabolism, and for the metabolism of fats, ketone bodies, carbohydrates and proteins.