Biology · General Awareness

Vitamins and Nutrition

1,711 Questions

Review essential concepts of human nutrition, focusing on macro and micronutrients. The questions cover vitamin deficiencies, sources, and their physiological roles such as blood clotting and vision. This material is highly relevant for the general science section of various government exams.

Vitamin sources and functionsMacronutrients for energyBlood coagulation vitaminsDeficiency diseasesNutrient absorption mechanisms

Vitamins and Nutrition Questions

Multiple choice

Which among the following is a vitamer of vitamin C?

  1. Calcitriol

  2. Ergosterol

  3. Ascorbic acid

  4. Calcium ascorbate

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Ascorbic acid is a naturally occurring organic compound with antioxidant properties. It is a white solid but impure samples can appear yellowish. It dissolves well in water to give mildly acidic solutions. Ascorbic acid is one form (vitamer) of vitamin C.

Multiple choice

Which of the following biomolecules protects the body against oxidative stress?

  1. Sodium ascorbate

  2. Vitamin C

  3. Tocopherols

  4. Tocotrienols

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Vitamin C is an essential nutrient for humans and certain other animal species. In living organisms ascorbate acts as an antioxidant by protecting the body against oxidative stress.It is also a cofactor in at least eight enzymatic reactions including several collagen synthesis reactions that cause the most severe symptoms of scurvy when these are dysfunctional.

Multiple choice

Which among the following is a bright red carotene?

  1. Lutein

  2. Zeaxanthin

  3. Lycopene

  4. Terpenes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Lycopene is a bright red carotene and carotenoid pigment and phytochemical found in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables, such as red carrots, watermelons and papayas (but not strawberries or cherries).

Multiple choice

The vitamin consumed in the form of Alpha-tocopherol is

  1. Vitamin A

  2. Vitamin C

  3. Vitamin E

  4. Vitamin K
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Vitamin E, including tocotrienol and tocopherol, is fat soluble and protects lipids. Sources include wheat germ, seabuckthorn, nuts, seeds, whole grains, green leafy vegetables, kiwifruit, vegetable oil, and fish-liver oil. Alpha-tocopherol is the main form in which vitamin E is consumed. Recent studies showed that some tocotrienol isomers have significant anti-oxidant properties.

Multiple choice

The opposite of 'tolerated' is

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows:

Vitamin supplements can be particularly important during certain stages of our lives, Dr. Novey says. For example, women in their childbearing years can benefit from folic acid, which decreases the risk of some birth defects. Active and older women can benefit from increased calcium, which can help prevent bone loss and fractures. Vegetarians also can benefit from taking extra calcium, iron, zinc, and vitamins B12 and D.
Does it matter what time of day you take a multivitamin? Not really, says an expert, however, he says, some people find it helpful to take vitamins at the same time every day. If it becomes part of their routine, they are less likely to forget. Also, he says, some people feel that if they take their vitamin with food, it is less likely to cause stomach upset. “I often recommend that people take a chewable vitamin,” Dr. Bickston says, “because they seem to be well tolerated, even in people who have serious digestive conditions, which is what I deal with in my practice.”

  1. denied

  2. beared

  3. suffered

  4. accepted
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

'Tolerate' means 'to bear or accept'; 'deny' is opposite to it in meaning.

Multiple choice

The chemical name of vitamin C is

  1. ascorbic acid

  2. calciferol

  3. tocopherol

  4. phylloquinone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Ascorbic acid is the chemical name of vitamin C. Calciferol is vitamin D, tocopherol is vitamin E, and phylloquinone is vitamin K.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a vitamin?

  1. Betulin

  2. Butylated hydroxytoluene

  3. Biotin

  4. Biphenyl
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Biotin is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin (vitamin B7).  It was discovered by Bateman in 1916. It is composed of a ureido (tetrahydroimidizalone) ring fused with a tetrahydrothiophene ring.

Multiple choice

Which one of the following is most important for the growth of children up to the age of 14?

  1. Protein

  2. Vitamin

  3. Fat

  4. Milk
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Protein is crucial for children's growth up to age 14 because it's required for tissue building, muscle development, and enzyme/hormone production. During growth years, protein needs are higher per kg body weight than for adults. While vitamins, fats, and milk (which contains protein) are important, protein directly supports physical growth.

Multiple choice

The vitamin that is most readily manufactured in our bodies is

  1. Vitamin A.

  2. Vitamin B.

  3. Vitamin C.

  4. Vitamin D.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Vitamin D is the only vitamin that the human body can synthesize in adequate amounts when skin is exposed to sunlight. This process occurs in the skin through a reaction involving ultraviolet B radiation. While other vitamins must be obtained entirely from dietary sources, Vitamin D can be produced endogenously.