Biology · General Awareness
Vitamins and Nutrition
1,711 Questions
Review essential concepts of human nutrition, focusing on macro and micronutrients. The questions cover vitamin deficiencies, sources, and their physiological roles such as blood clotting and vision. This material is highly relevant for the general science section of various government exams.
Vitamin sources and functionsMacronutrients for energyBlood coagulation vitaminsDeficiency diseasesNutrient absorption mechanisms
Vitamins and Nutrition Questions
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Blueberry
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Kakadu plum
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Indian gooseberry
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Camu camu
B
Correct answer
Explanation
Kakadu plum is the richest source of vitamin C. It contains 1000-5300 mg of vitamin C/1000 g of its serving.
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α-Tocopherol
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Tocotrienol
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γ-Tocopherol
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I isomer of tocotrienol
A
Correct answer
Explanation
α-Tocopherol functions as an antioxidant in the glutathione peroxidase pathway, and it protects cell membranes from oxidation by reacting with lipid radicals produced in the lipid peroxidation chain reaction.
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Retinoid
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Retinoic acid
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Retinyl palmitate
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Retinol
C
Correct answer
Explanation
Retinyl palmitate is used in skin creams, where it is broken down to retinol and metabolised to retinoic acid, which has potent biological activity.
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Vitamin A and Vitamin B9
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Vitamin A and Vitamin B1
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Vitamin C and Vitamin D
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Vitamin A and Vitamin B3
A
Correct answer
Explanation
Vitamin A and Vitamin B9 were the first and the last vitamins discovered, respectively. Vitamin A was discovered in 1913 and vitamin B9 was discovered in 1941.
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Peanut oil
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Wheat germ oil
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Almond oil
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Sunflower oil
B
Correct answer
Explanation
Wheat germ oil contains 215.4 mg of vitamin E per 100 grams of the oil. Out of the four options, wheat germ oil is most abundant in vitamin E.
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Biotin
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Folic acid
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Pantothenic acid
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Niacin
B
Correct answer
Explanation
The coenzyme form of folic acid, i.e. tetrahydofolate, aids in erythropoisis, i.e. production of red blood cells.
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Vitamin K1
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Vitamin K2
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Vitamin K3
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Vitamin K4
B
Correct answer
Explanation
Vitamin K2 (menaquinone) is not inhibited by salicylates, so menaquinone supplementation can alleviate the chronic vitamin K deficiency caused by long-term aspirin use.
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Vitamin E
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Vitamin A
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Vitamin D
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Vitamin B3
A
Correct answer
Explanation
Alpha tocopherol, i.e. vitamin E, induces the expression of connective tissue growth factor, which modulates and coordinates signalling responses involving cell surface proteoglycans.
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Vitamin E
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Vitamin A
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Vitamin C
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Vitamin B1
C
Correct answer
Explanation
Vitamin C acts as a cofactor in the synthesis of collagen. Its dysfunction results in scurvy.
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Calf liver, lamb liver, beef liver, pork liver
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Calf liver, beef liver, pork liver, lamb liver
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Lamb liver, pork liver, beef liver, calf liver
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Lamb liver, calf liver, beef liver, pork liver
B
Correct answer
Explanation
This is in decreasing order. Calf liver contains 36 mg of vitamin C per 100 g, beef liver contains 31 mg of vitamin C per 100 g, pork liver contains 23 mg of vitamin C per 100 g and lamb liver contains 12 g of vitamin C per 100 g.
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Vitamin E
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Vitamin K
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Vitamin B
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Vitamin A
B
Correct answer
Explanation
Vitamin K is needed for the complete synthesis of certain proteins that the body uses to control the binding of calcium in bones and other tissues.
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vitamin C
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vitamin K
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vitamin A
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vitamin B-complex
B
Correct answer
Explanation
Hypervitaminosis E is associated with the risk of vitamin K deficiency. This results in bleeding problems.
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All consist of carbon compounds.
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All are required to produce energy.
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All consist of hydrocarbon.
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All are rich sources of minerals.
A
Correct answer
Explanation
Everything we eat, which is derived from plants and animals, contains carbon compounds.
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Retinol - Synthesis of rhodopsin
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Riboflavin - Synthesis of neurotransmitter
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Cobalamin - Production of blood cells
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Niacin - Energy transfer reactions
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Biotin - Metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats
B
Correct answer
Explanation
Riboflavin or vitamin B2 plays an important role in the production of energy in electron transport chain, the citric acid cycle and also in β-oxidation of fatty acid and it has no role in synthesis of neurotransmitter.
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Vitamin A
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Vitamin D
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Vitamin E
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Vitamin K
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None of these
B
Correct answer
Explanation
It is required for strong bones and teeth.