Mountains, Hills, and Trekking Geography

 The Siwalik comprises range of the Himalaya and is also known as Outer Himalayas. With its southern steep slopes, it assumes hogback appearance. Flat scarps, anticlinal crests and synclinal valleys are the chief characteristic feature of this range.

 The Nilgiri, far south in Tamil Nadu is the meeting place of the Western Ghats, the Eastern Ghats and the Southern hills, rising abruptly from the surrounding areas, it has the highest peak of Dodabeta (2,637 m) and Udagammdulam (Ooty) hill station.

Statement 1: It is incorrect. “The jewels of India” describes top 10 highest mountain peaks of India. They are Kanchenjunga, Nanda Devi, Kamet , Saser Kangri I, Mamostong Kangri, Saser Kangri II, Saser Kangri III, Saser Kangri IV , Ghent Kangri and Abi Gamin (in the order of their height).  Kangchenjunga Main is the highest mountain in India, and the Easternmost of the mountains higher than 8,000 m (26,000 ft). It is called Five Treasures of Snow after its five high peaks, and has always been worshipped by the people of Darjeeling and Sikkim. Hence, the correct option is 4. 

Statement 1: It is incorrect. Three hill ranges that come under purvanchal ranges are Patkai, Garo-Khasi-Jaintia and Lushai hills. Lushai hills aka Mizo hills is part of the Patkai range system. Purvanchal range is parallel to Karakoram and Ladakh range, but Langpangkong hill is in Mokokchung district of Nagaland and along with five other hill ranges, they run in South-East direction. Statement 2: It is incorrect. Satpura mountain range stretches through states in central part of india. It extend across Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Chattisgarh. Whereas, Vindhya range which runs parallel to Satpura range extends from Varanasi through Madhya Pradesh to Gujarat. Hence, the correct option is 4.

Statement 1: It is correct. Narmada valley in india lying between Vindhya and Satpura ranges is a rift valley resulted from the formation of block mountains. Similarly, Nilgiri in south are also examples of block mountains and Palghat gap is a low mountain pass which is a rift valley caused by subsidence between two parallel faults, i.e. between Nilgiri hills to the North and Anamalai hills to the South. Statement 2: It is correct. Peninsular Plateau is a tableland, composed of old crystalline, igneous and metamorphic rocks. It is considered as oldest land mass as it was formed due to the drifting of Gondwana land. Statement 3: It is incorrect. Brahmaputra is a transboundry river in Asia that cuts through 3 countries: China, India and Bangladesh. In all these countries, it is known by different names. It originates in Tibet (China), known as Tsangpo River, flows and enters into Arunachal Pradesh (India) where it is called Dihang or siang. Then, it flows further through Assam valley where it is known as Brahmaputra and enters Ramnabazar (Bangladesh) where its known as Jamuna. Hence, the correct option is 1.

Statement 1: It is incorrect. Ladakh/Tibetian plateau is the highest with an elevation of 14,800 ft, spread in area of 25,50,000 square kilometres, thus becoming the highest and largest plateau in the world and is known as Roof of the world. Whereas, Deccan Plateau is a large plateau in India spanning over 4,22,000 square kilometres and stands as tall as 330 ft. Statement 2: It is correct. Chhota Nagpur Plateau is a part of greater Deccan Plateau. It possesses rich reserves of minerals, fossil fuels and forests. Damodar valley is rich in coal and is the primary producer of coking coal. Massive coal deposits are found in central basin constituting Jharia, Raniganj, Bokaro, Ramgarh and Karanpura.

A Syntaxial Bend is a structural feature where a mountain range changes direction sharply. The Himalayas exhibit this at the western (Nanga Parbat) and eastern (Namcha Barwa) ends.

The Meghalaya Plateau is a detached block of the Peninsular (Deccan) Plateau, and the Valley of Kashmir is a synclinorium formed by the folding of the Himalayas.

Kanchenjunga is the third highest mountain in the world, with its elevation officially measured at 8,586 meters above sea level.

Correct Answer: Aravalli ranges

The Seven Sisters of India are the seven relatively unexplored and isolated Indian states - Assam, Nagaland, Tripura, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh.

The Vosges mountains in France are a classic example of block mountains formed by faulting. The Himalayas and Alps are fold mountains.

Arakan Yoma is located in western Myanmar. It is a part of eastern Himalayas. It includes the Naga Hills, the Chin Hills and the Patkai Range which includes the Lushai Hills.

The alpine vegetation in Eastern Himalayas is found up to 4000 meters because in Eastern Himalayas, the monsoon rainfall is higher than that in Western Himalayas.

Geologists believe that the Indian peninsula was a part of the Gondwanaland (continent) which drifted northwards and India, Africa and other parts separated from each other.