Modern Indian History

The Kolkata Metro was inaugurated in 1984, making it India's first metro railway system. It runs from Dum Dum to Kavi Subhash (formerly Kavi Nazrul Islam) and is a vital part of Kolkata's public transport.

The capital of British India was shifted from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911 during the reign of King George V. This decision was announced at the Delhi Durbar of 1911, and the new capital city (New Delhi) was formally inaugurated in 1931, though 1911 marks the official decision to transfer the capital.

Goa was a Union Territory from 1961 until it attained full statehood on May 30, 1987. Option C is correct. The other options are incorrect: 1957 is before Goa's liberation from Portuguese rule, 1967 is shortly after liberation, and 1977 is unrelated to Goa's statehood.

India won its first Olympic team medal in field hockey at the 1928 Amsterdam Olympics, where the men's team won the gold medal. This began India's golden era in hockey. Option A is correct.

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred on April 13, 1919, when British troops under General Dyer fired on a peaceful gathering of unarmed Indians in Amritsar. This event marked a turning point in the independence movement. 1913, 1915, and 1917 are not related to this specific incident.

The partition of Bengal was announced in 1905 by Lord Curzon, dividing the province on religious and administrative lines. This sparked widespread protests and was eventually annulled in 1911. 1901, 1903, and 1909 are incorrect years for this event.

India gained independence from British rule on 15th August 1947. This date marks the end of nearly 200 years of colonial rule. 26th January 1950 is when India became a Republic (Republic Day), while 26th January 1947 and 15th August 1946 are incorrect dates.

Gopal Krishna Gokhale, a moderate leader, made this critical remark about the idea of swaraj (independence) during the early 1900s. He represented the moderate faction that believed in constitutional reforms rather than immediate independence.

All India Radio (AIR) officially commenced operations in 1936 as the national public service broadcaster. It was originally established as Indian State Broadcasting Service in 1930, renamed to AIR in 1936, and became a full department in 1937. India gained independence in 1947, making 1947 an important date but not the start of broadcasting.

Burma (Myanmar) was separated from British India in 1937 under the Government of India Act 1935, becoming a separate crown colony. It remained under British rule until 1948. 1942 was the Japanese occupation, and 1947 was the year of India's independence and Partition (but Burma had already been separated administratively).

Subhash Chandra Bose founded the Indian National Army (INA), also known as Azad Hindu Fauz, in 1942 with Japanese support. He aimed to liberate India from British rule through armed struggle, famously coining the slogan 'Give me blood, and I will give you freedom.'

Subhash Chandra Bose was affectionately called 'Netaji' meaning 'Respected Leader' in Hindi. This title was given by Indian soldiers and the German public during his time in Germany, and it stuck as his honorary name throughout India.

Subhash Chandra Bose was born on January 23, 1897 in Cuttack, Odisha (then Orissa). His father Janakinath Bose was a successful lawyer, and the family was prominent in Cuttack. This date is commemorated as 'Netaji Jayanti' across India.

Subhash Chandra Bose was deeply influenced by the Bhagavad Gita's teachings on duty, action, and righteousness. He often quoted the Gita, particularly the concept of 'karmayoga' or selfless action, viewing the Indian independence struggle as his dharma.

Subhash Chandra Bose is presumed to have died on 18 August 1945 from severe burn injuries sustained in a plane crash in Taiwan. He was reportedly en route to Tokyo and died in a hospital shortly after the crash, though conspiracy theories about his survival persist.