Modern Indian History

The Home Rule Movement (1916-1918) led by Annie Besant and Bal Gangadhar Tilak peaked during WWI years, demanding self-governance within the British Empire. Swadeshi Movement predates WWI (1905-1908), and the Swarajist Party emerged later in 1923.

The earliest recorded cricket match in India was played in 1721 at Cambay, Gujarat, between British sailors. This predates formal Indian cricket by over a century. India didn't play its first Test match until 1932, but informal matches were played much earlier during the colonial era.

The Indian cricket team undertook its first official overseas tour to England in 1911. This was an 'All-India' team captained by the Maharaja of Patiala, and though it wasn't a Test series (India didn't have Test status yet), it was a significant milestone that paved the way for India's eventual Test debut in 1932.

India made its Test cricket debut on June 25, 1932, against England at Lord's. Captained by CK Nayudu, this was a historic moment marking India's entry into international Test cricket. Though India lost that match, it was the culmination of decades of cricket development in the country since the sport's introduction by the British.

Lord Ripon, Viceroy of India (1880-1884), is known as the pioneer of local self-government for introducing the Local Self-Government Act of 1882. Mayo, Lytton, and Curzon were other Viceroys but not associated with this reform.

C. Rajagopalachari received the first Bharat Ratna award in 1954. The other recipients that same year were Radhakrishnan and Nehru. Gandhi was deceased by the time the award was instituted in 1954, and posthumous awards were not initially given.

The Indian national flag in its current form was officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India on July 22, 1947. This was 23 days before India's independence on August 15, 1947, which is why Option A is incorrect. The design with the Ashoka Chakra replaced the earlier spinning wheel (charkha) version used by the freedom movement.

The first Indian national flag was hoisted on August 7, 1906 at Parsee Bagan Square in Kolkata during the protest against the Partition of Bengal. This flag had three horizontal strips of blue, yellow and red colors with Vande Mataram inscribed in the center strip.

'Jana Gana Mana' was first sung on December 27, 1911, at the Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress. It was officially adopted as India's National Anthem on January 24, 1950. August 15, 1947 was Independence Day, and July 22, 1947 has no special significance for the anthem.

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was called the 'Iron Man of India' for his decisive role in integrating princely states into the Indian Union after independence. Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime Minister, Subhas Chandra Bose was a freedom fighter, and Govind Ballabh Pant was a Congress leader - none of them held this specific title.

The States Reorganisation Act of 1956 reorganized Indian state boundaries primarily along linguistic lines. This was a major restructuring based on the recommendations of the States Reorganisation Commission. It created states like Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Karnataka, and others based on language.

Mahatma Gandhi married Kasturba Gandhi (born Kasturba Kapadia) in 1883 when she was around 14 and he was 13. Their marriage was arranged in the traditional Indian custom. Kamala, Kasturi, and Sarojini are other Indian female names but not Gandhi's spouse.

'Bapu' (meaning 'father' in Gujarati) was the affectionate name given to Gandhi by his countrymen, showing their reverence for him as the father of the nation. 'Dada' means elder brother, 'Bhai' means brother, and 'Sir' is a formal British title.

The Quit India Movement was launched by Gandhi in August 1942 during World War II, demanding an end to British rule. India gained independence in 1947, Gandhi was assassinated in 1948, and 1945 was the end of WWII but not related to this movement.

Gandhi passed the law examination in 1891 and was called to the British Bar. He returned to India the same year but struggled to establish practice, leading to his move to South Africa in 1893 where he first developed his satyagraha philosophy.