Modern Indian History

Mahatma Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, Gujarat. This is a fundamental biographical fact about the Father of the Nation. Option D (1947) is significant as India's independence year, not Gandhi's birth year.

Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated on January 30, 1948, shortly after India gained independence. This is a crucial date in Indian history. Option A (1947) is significant as the year of independence, but Gandhi lived into early 1948.

Bapu was the affectionate Gujarati term meaning 'father' that Indians used to address Gandhi with love and respect. While 'Mahatma' (great soul) was also used, it was more of a formal title, whereas 'Bapu' conveyed the familial, endearing connection mentioned in the question.

My Experiments with Truth is Gandhi's autobiography covering his life from early childhood through 1921, detailing his philosophical and political evolution. The other options are by different authors: Robin Sharma wrote The Monk Who Sold His Ferrari, and APJ Abdul Kalam wrote Wings of Fire.

Nathuram Godse, a Hindu nationalist, assassinated Gandhi on January 30, 1948, during a prayer meeting at Birla House in New Delhi. Godse was angry with Gandhi's stance towards Pakistan and his efforts to maintain Hindu-Muslim unity after partition.

Gandhi frequently used fasting as a form of non-violent protest or satyagraha against British policies and social injustices throughout his life. His fasts were powerful moral tools to bring attention to causes, pressure authorities, and mobilize public opinion.

The Quit India Movement launched in August 1942 was Gandhi's final mass protest demanding immediate British withdrawal from India during World War II. The Salt Satyagraha (1930) focused on opposing the salt tax, while Raasta Roko was a different movement.

Viswanathan Anand is a chess grandmaster and the quote refers to the black and white pieces in chess. Abhinav Bindra is a shooter, Kunjarani Devi (maleswari) is a weightlifter, and P.T. Usha is a track athlete.

Subhas Chandra Bose was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1992, but the award was later withdrawn due to legal technicalities regarding posthumous awards. This is the only instance of a Bharat Ratna being withdrawn. The controversy arose because there was no clear provision for posthumous awards at the time, and questions about Bose's death in 1945 complicated matters.

James Hicky introduced the first printing press in India in 1780 and started 'The Bengal Gazette', India's first newspaper, in Calcutta. This marked the beginning of print journalism in India during the colonial period.

Subhash Chandra Bose founded the Indian National Army (INA) or Azad Hind Fauj in 1942-43 with Japanese support to fight British colonial rule. Gandhi and Patel were Congress leaders who rejected the INA approach, and W.C. Benergy is not a historical figure of note.

Rabindranath Tagore, the renowned Bengali poet, wrote the national anthems for two different countries - 'Jana Gana Mana' for India and 'Amar Shonar Bangla' for Bangladesh. This unique distinction makes him the only person credited with writing national anthems for two separate nations. Options like Shakespeare, Florence Nightingale, and A.R. Rahman are incorrect as they did not write national anthems.

Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu is the birth name of Mother Teresa, the Catholic nun who founded the Missionaries of Charity and devoted her life to serving the poor in Kolkata. She became internationally recognized for her humanitarian work and received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979. Options like Gandhi, Lincoln, and Hitler are incorrect as they were different historical figures with different birth names.