Modern Indian History

Bal Gangadhar Tilak gave this powerful slogan declaring self-rule as a fundamental right. As one of the first leaders to demand complete independence (Purna Swaraj), Tilak transformed the freedom movement with this assertive declaration that inspired generations of freedom fighters.

This tree metaphor illustrates Tilak's vision of India's freedom struggle. He positioned Swarajya (self-rule) as the central trunk from which the methods of Swadeshi (using Indian-made goods) and Boycott (rejecting British products) naturally branch out, showing how economic resistance flows from political independence.

Jamsetji Tata (also spelled Jamshedji) is called the Father of Indian Industry for establishing the Tata Group and laying the foundation of modern Indian industry. He founded steel plants, textile mills, and hydroelectric projects. J.R.D. Tata was his nephew who later expanded the empire, but Jamsetji was the visionary founder.

Samudragupta of the Gupta dynasty is called the 'Indian Napoleon' because of his vast military conquests that expanded the Gupta empire across much of India, similar to how Napoleon expanded his empire in Europe. He was a 4th century CE ruler. Subhash Chandra Bose was a freedom fighter, not an ancient emperor.

India first participated in the Commonwealth Games in 1934 when they were held in London. This marked India's debut in what was then known as the British Empire Games, making India one of the earlier Asian participants.

Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated on January 30, 1948, by Nathuram Godse in New Delhi. This occurred shortly after India's independence.

The First Kashmir War, also known as the Indo-Pak War of 1947-48, began in October 1947 when Pakistani tribal forces invaded Kashmir. This conflict led to the first India-Pakistan war over the princely state's accession, with UN mediation resulting in a ceasefire that established the Line of Control.

The capital of British India was shifted from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911, announced by King George V at the Delhi Durbar. The move was completed in 1931 when New Delhi was officially inaugurated. 1935 marks the Government of India Act, 1900 is irrelevant, and 1929 relates to the Lahore Congress session.

Jawaharlal Nehru wrote 'An Autobiography' (1936), covering his life and political thought up to 1935. While Gandhi wrote extensively, including 'The Story of My Experiments with Truth,' this specific title belongs to Nehru, India's first Prime Minister.

'The Autobiography of an Unknown Indian' (1951) is a memoir by Nirad C. Chaudhuri, an Indian writer. It's a controversial but acclaimed work about Indian identity and colonialism. Harriet Jacobs wrote 'Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl.'

Mahatma Gandhi's autobiography, originally written in Gujarati as "Satya Ke Prayog", is a classic of world literature covering his life philosophy and political journey. The other authors listed wrote their own autobiographies but not this work.

The Khilafat Movement (1919-1924) was started by the Ali brothers - Shaukat Ali and Mohammad Ali - to protest against the dismantling of the Ottoman Caliphate after WWI. Option A correctly identifies 1 and 2 (Shaukat Ali and Mohammad Ali). Haji Shariatullah (3) led the Faraizi Movement earlier, and Abul Kalam Azad (4) was not among the founders.