Modern Indian History

Jawaharlal Nehru wrote 'An Autobiography' (1936), covering his life and political thought up to 1935. While Gandhi wrote extensively, including 'The Story of My Experiments with Truth,' this specific title belongs to Nehru, India's first Prime Minister.

'The Autobiography of an Unknown Indian' (1951) is a memoir by Nirad C. Chaudhuri, an Indian writer. It's a controversial but acclaimed work about Indian identity and colonialism. Harriet Jacobs wrote 'Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl.'

Mahatma Gandhi's autobiography, originally written in Gujarati as "Satya Ke Prayog", is a classic of world literature covering his life philosophy and political journey. The other authors listed wrote their own autobiographies but not this work.

The Khilafat Movement (1919-1924) was started by the Ali brothers - Shaukat Ali and Mohammad Ali - to protest against the dismantling of the Ottoman Caliphate after WWI. Option A correctly identifies 1 and 2 (Shaukat Ali and Mohammad Ali). Haji Shariatullah (3) led the Faraizi Movement earlier, and Abul Kalam Azad (4) was not among the founders.

The Home Rule Movement (1916-1918) led by Annie Besant and Bal Gangadhar Tilak peaked during WWI years, demanding self-governance within the British Empire. Swadeshi Movement predates WWI (1905-1908), and the Swarajist Party emerged later in 1923.

Lord Ripon, Viceroy of India (1880-1884), is known as the pioneer of local self-government for introducing the Local Self-Government Act of 1882. Mayo, Lytton, and Curzon were other Viceroys but not associated with this reform.

C. Rajagopalachari received the first Bharat Ratna award in 1954. The other recipients that same year were Radhakrishnan and Nehru. Gandhi was deceased by the time the award was instituted in 1954, and posthumous awards were not initially given.

The Indian national flag in its current form was officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India on July 22, 1947. This was 23 days before India's independence on August 15, 1947, which is why Option A is incorrect. The design with the Ashoka Chakra replaced the earlier spinning wheel (charkha) version used by the freedom movement.

The first Indian national flag was hoisted on August 7, 1906 at Parsee Bagan Square in Kolkata during the protest against the Partition of Bengal. This flag had three horizontal strips of blue, yellow and red colors with Vande Mataram inscribed in the center strip.

'Jana Gana Mana' was first sung on December 27, 1911, at the Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress. It was officially adopted as India's National Anthem on January 24, 1950. August 15, 1947 was Independence Day, and July 22, 1947 has no special significance for the anthem.

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was called the 'Iron Man of India' for his decisive role in integrating princely states into the Indian Union after independence. Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime Minister, Subhas Chandra Bose was a freedom fighter, and Govind Ballabh Pant was a Congress leader - none of them held this specific title.

The States Reorganisation Act of 1956 reorganized Indian state boundaries primarily along linguistic lines. This was a major restructuring based on the recommendations of the States Reorganisation Commission. It created states like Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Karnataka, and others based on language.

Mahatma Gandhi married Kasturba Gandhi (born Kasturba Kapadia) in 1883 when she was around 14 and he was 13. Their marriage was arranged in the traditional Indian custom. Kamala, Kasturi, and Sarojini are other Indian female names but not Gandhi's spouse.

'Bapu' (meaning 'father' in Gujarati) was the affectionate name given to Gandhi by his countrymen, showing their reverence for him as the father of the nation. 'Dada' means elder brother, 'Bhai' means brother, and 'Sir' is a formal British title.

The Quit India Movement was launched by Gandhi in August 1942 during World War II, demanding an end to British rule. India gained independence in 1947, Gandhi was assassinated in 1948, and 1945 was the end of WWII but not related to this movement.