Modern Indian History

Gandhi translated John Ruskin's 'Unto This Last' into Gujarati and titled it 'Sarvodaya' (welfare of all). This book deeply influenced Gandhi's economic philosophy emphasizing the welfare of the poorest sections of society.

The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed on March 5, 1931. This historic agreement between Mahatma Gandhi and Viceroy Lord Irwin led to the suspension of the Civil Disobedience Movement and Gandhi's participation in the Round Table Conference.

Gandhi's concept of 'Swaraj' meant freedom for the poorest and weakest sections of society, not just political independence. He emphasized that true Swaraj could only be achieved when the last person was free from exploitation and poverty.

'The Discovery of India' was written by Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first Prime Minister, during his imprisonment in 1942-1946 at Ahmednagar Fort. The book provides a comprehensive view of Indian history, culture, and philosophy. Gandhi wrote 'My Experiments with Truth' and other works, but not this particular book.

Sunil Gavaskar, the original Little Master, was born on July 10, 1949. Options A and B show June dates, while C shows 1948. Note: Option B contains a formatting typo ('Jun1949') but this doesn't affect answer correctness.

Lal Bahadur Shastri, during his 1942 imprisonment following the Quit India Movement, translated Marie Curie's autobiography from English into Hindi. This translation work was part of his intellectual pursuits during his time in prison, reflecting his interest in scientific achievement and dedication to making knowledge accessible in Hindi.

Both Lal Bahadur Shastri and Mahatma Gandhi were born on October 2nd - Gandhi in 1869 and Shastri in 1904. This shared birthday is a notable historical coincidence. October 2nd is now celebrated as Gandhi Jayanti in India, honoring Gandhi's birth, and it also marks Shastri's birth anniversary.

Lal Bahadur Shastri gave the iconic slogan 'Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan' (Hail the Soldier, Hail the Farmer) in 1965 during the Indo-Pak war. This slogan recognized two crucial pillars of Indian society - the soldiers defending the nation and farmers feeding it. It came during a time of simultaneous crisis: war with Pakistan and food scarcity.

Indira Gandhi was the daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first Prime Minister. She was not related to Mahatma Gandhi by blood - 'Gandhi' was her married surname from Feroze Gandhi. Her father Nehru was a key figure in India's independence movement and independent India's first Prime Minister from 1947-1964.

Indira Gandhi married Feroze Gandhi in 1942. Feroze was a journalist and politician, and though he shared the surname with Mahatma Gandhi, they were not related. Rajiv Gandhi was Indira and Feroze's son, not her husband. Therefore, option A (Feroze Gandhi) is correct.

Jawaharlal Nehru was born on November 14, 1889, in Allahabad (now Prayagraj). His birthday is celebrated as Children's Day in India. Therefore, option A (14th Nov 1889) is correct.

Jawaharlal Nehru was a self-described atheist who was deeply influenced by modern rationalist thought, though he respected all religions. While born into a Kashmiri Pandit Hindu family, he explicitly stated he did not believe in religious doctrine or God. Therefore, option D (None - Atheist) is correct.

Jawaharlal Nehru was affectionately called 'Chacha Nehru' (Uncle Nehru) by children because of his genuine affection for them and his belief that children were the future of the nation. 'Panditji' was also used, but 'Chacha' became the special term children used for him. Therefore, option C (Chacha Nehru) is correct.

Mahatma Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, Gujarat. This date is now celebrated as the International Day of Non-Violence and Gandhi Jayanti in India. Therefore, option A (2nd Oct 1869) is correct.

Rabindranath Tagore, the renowned poet and Nobel laureate, first called Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi 'Mahatma' (Great Soul) in 1915. This title stuck and became how the world came to know him. Therefore, option C (Rabindranath Tagore) is correct.