Modern Indian History

Mahatma Gandhi's ashes were preserved and kept in the main branch of State Bank of India in Cuttack since approximately 1950. Some of his ashes were enshrined there after his assassination in 1948, as they were distributed to various locations across India for memorials.

The capital of British India was shifted from Calcutta to New Delhi in 1911, announced by King George V at the Delhi Durbar. The actual transfer took place in 1912, but 1911 marks the official decision year that ended Calcutta's status as the capital.

The Partition of Bengal (Banga-bhanga) by Lord Curzon was announced in July 1905 and implemented in October 1905. Rabindranath Tagore introduced Raksha Bandhan as a symbol of Hindu-Muslim unity in direct response to this partition, using the festival to tie people together as brothers regardless of religion. The movement was part of the broader Swadeshi and anti-partition agitation that characterized early 20th century Bengal politics.

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred on April 13, 1919, when British troops under General Dyer fired on unarmed Indians gathered in Amritsar for Baisakhi celebrations, killing hundreds. This event became a turning point in India's freedom struggle, intensifying the independence movement. 1919 is the year you need to remember for this tragedy.

Rajinikanth was born on December 12, 1950, making option B (12/12/1950) the correct answer. This is a well-documented biographical fact about the legendary Tamil actor.

Mangal Pandey, the Indian soldier who played a key role in the events leading up to the 1857 Indian rebellion, was born on July 19, 1827. This date is well-documented in historical records.

'Ignited Minds: Unleashing the Power Within India' is a book written by Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, the former President of India and a renowned scientist. The book focuses on inspiring young Indians to build a stronger nation through knowledge and innovation.

Sarojini Naidu, known as the 'Nightingale of India,' made this famous remark about Mahatma Gandhi. The quote highlights how Gandhi's simplicity and voluntary poverty actually required significant financial support from his followers to maintain his ascetic lifestyle and political work.

The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed on March 5, 1931, between Mahatma Gandhi and Viceroy Lord Irwin. It marked a temporary agreement where civil disobedience was called off in exchange for political concessions, including the release of political prisoners and participation in the Round Table Conference.

Engineer's Day is celebrated on September 15th to mark the birth anniversary of Sir M Visweswaraiah, one of India's greatest engineers. The day specifically honors engineers, not scientists - C V Raman was a physicist and Nobel laureate.

Among Jamshetji Tata's four key ideas, only the Taj Mahal Hotel (opened in 1903) became a reality during his lifetime. The Indian Institute of Science, the steel plant (Tata Steel), and the hydroelectric plant were realized after his death by his successors.

Basavanna (Basaveshwara) was a 12th-century philosopher and social reformer from Karnataka. His statue was unveiled in Parliament House, New Delhi, recognizing his contributions to social equality and the Veerashaiva faith.

Constanzo Beschi (1680-1747), an Italian Jesuit missionary, was known as Veeramamunivar in Tamil. He made significant contributions to Tamil literature including writing the Tembavani epic poem.

Jyotirao Govindrao Phule founded the Satyashodhak Samaj (Truth Seekers' Society) in 1873 in Maharashtra. It fought against caste oppression and promoted social equality.