Modern Indian History

"India: From Midnight to the Millennium" is Shashi Tharoor's work published in 1997, analyzing India's first 50 years of independence. Tharoor is a former UN diplomat and MP. L.K. Advani wrote his prison memoirs, while Sonia Gandhi has not published a similar work.

"My Experiments with Truth" is the autobiography of M.K. Gandhi, covering his life from childhood to 1921. It details his philosophy of satyagraha and his personal moral experiments. Nehru wrote "Discovery of India," while Jinnah authored notables but not this work.

Rabindranath Tagore, the Nobel laureate Bengali poet, first addressed Gandhi as 'Mahatma' in 1915. 'Mahatma' means 'Great Soul' in Sanskrit, and this title recognized Gandhi's spiritual and moral leadership. Rajendra Prasad, Chittaranjan Das, and Subhash Chandra Bose were all prominent freedom fighters but did not originate this title.

'Netaji' means 'Respected Leader' in Hindi. This title was given to Subhash Chandra Bose reflecting his leadership of the Indian National Army and his respected position in the freedom movement. It combines 'Neta' (leader) and 'Ji' (respectful honorific).

'Wings of Fire: An Autobiography of Abdul Kalam' is Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam's autobiography, co-authored with Arun Tiwari.

Raja Rammohan Roy (1772-1833) is widely regarded as the pioneer of the Indian Renaissance. He founded the Brahmo Samaj, fought against sati, and worked to modernize Indian society through education and social reforms.

Mahatma Gandhi is officially recognized as the 'Father of the Nation' in India for his pivotal role in leading the independence movement through non-violent civil disobedience. Nehru was the first Prime Minister, while Bose and Patel were other key freedom fighters but not given this title.

Rabindranath Tagore founded the Bengal School of Art at Santiniketan in 1919 through Visva-Bharati University. The school emphasized traditional Indian artistic traditions and rejected European colonial influences, becoming a cornerstone of modern Indian art movements. Tagore is widely recognized as a key figure in modernizing Indian art.

James Wilson, a Scottish hat-maker, politician, and economist, founded The Economist magazine in 1843 and played a key role in establishing what became Standard Chartered Bank. In 1860, he came to India as Finance Member of the Viceroy's Council and introduced the Income Tax system to raise funds for the British government during turbulent times.

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi - Karamchand is his father's name and Gandhi's middle name. 'Mahatma' is an honorific title meaning 'great soul' that was given to him later, not his actual name. Das is another common Indian surname but not part of Gandhi's name.

Gandhi's 'Seven Blunders of the World' lists Wealth without work as the first and foundational blunder. The other blunders like pleasure without conscience, knowledge without character, and commerce without morality all stem from this primary error of seeking wealth without earning it through labor.

Doordarshan began as an experimental service in Delhi on 15 September 1959. The launch was modest with limited transmission hours and reach, marking the beginning of television broadcasting in India.

Railways were first introduced to India in 1853 when the first train ran from Bombay to Thane covering 34 km. This marked the beginning of the Indian railway system, which has grown into one of the world's largest networks.

Bal Gangadhar Tilak was given the title 'Father of Indian Unrest' by Valentine Chirol, a British journalist, for his role in mobilizing the masses against British colonial rule through newspapers like Kesari and Maratha and advocating for Swaraj. Note: Option B should be spelled 'Veer Savarkar' not 'Vir Sarvorkar'.