Modern Indian History

The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami hit India on December 26, 2004. The Boxing Day tsunami originated from a massive underwater earthquake off Sumatra and affected multiple countries.

Mahatma Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, Gujarat. This date is celebrated as Gandhi Jayanti in India and is a national holiday.

Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, known as 'Frontier Gandhi,' was the first foreigner to receive Bharat Ratna in 1987. A prominent freedom fighter from the Northwest Frontier Province (now in Pakistan), he followed Gandhian principles of non-violence and was a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi. After partition, he remained a Pakistani citizen but maintained strong ties to India.

Bill Gates received the 2009 Indira Gandhi Peace Prize for his philanthropic work through the Gates Foundation, particularly in healthcare and education in developing countries. The award specifically recognized his efforts in polio eradication and HIV/AIDS programs. Neither Warren Buffett nor the other personalities received this specific award.

Firuz Tughlaq created the Department of Public Charities (Diwan-i-Khairat) to provide support to the poor, orphans, and destitute. He was known for his welfare measures and public works, including hospitals, educational institutions, and charitable buildings.

Subhas Chandra Bose was the first to refer to Mahatma Gandhi as 'Father of the Nation' in a radio address from Singapore in 1944. Note: there are typos - 'Jawahar Lal Nahru' should be 'Jawaharlal Nehru', and 'Subhas Chandre Bose' should be 'Subhas Chandra Bose'. Lala Lajpat Rai was a prominent leader but didn't use this title.

This quote 'better to live a day as a lion than a lifetime as a sheep' is attributed to Tipu Sultan, reflecting his fierce resistance against British colonial rule. It embodies his warrior spirit and refusal to accept subjugation, making him a legendary figure in Indian history.

Dadabhai Naoroji formulated the Drain Theory in his 1876 work "Poverty and Un-British Rule in India." He demonstrated how Britain was systematically draining India's wealth through unfair trade policies, excessive taxation, and financial arrangements that transferred resources to the colonial power.

The Champaran Satyagraha (1917) was Mahatma Gandhi's first major political campaign in India, involving indigo farmers in Bihar. Gandhi employed his method of nonviolent resistance to fight against the oppressive tin-kathia system imposed on farmers by British planters. This campaign established Gandhi as a national leader and demonstrated the effectiveness of satyagraha as a political tool in India.

Gandhiji's first Satyagraha movement was in Champaran (1917) supporting indigo farmers against exploitative plantation systems. It marked his first major successful civil disobedience in India.

Aurobindo Ghosh wrote a series of articles titled 'New Lamps for Old' in 1893-94 in the Indu Prakash newspaper, offering the first systematic critique of the moderate politics of the Indian National Congress. These articles marked his early nationalist phase and criticized the Congress moderates for their gradualist approach to freedom.

The 'Agreement on Trade and Intercourse between Tibet Region of China and India' was signed in 1954 between India and China. This treaty acknowledged China's sovereignty over Tibet while maintaining trade and pilgrimage rights between India and the Tibetan region. However, this agreement later became a point of contention after the 1962 Sino-Indian war.

The Congress passed the resolution on fundamental rights and economic policy at the Karachi Session in 1931. This was indeed a major concession to placate the Left Wing and socialist elements within the Congress. The resolution outlined fundamental rights including equality before law, freedom of speech, press, association, and economic policy emphasizing nationalization of key industries and services. It was presided over by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.

Statement 1 is incorrect: The first issue of 'Ghadar' newspaper was published in Urdu script, not Gurumukhi. The paper was later published in Gurumukhi and other languages as well. Statement 2 is correct: The Ghadar movement organizers did ask Sikh soldiers to revolt against the British, particularly during World War I. Statement 3 is incorrect: 'Sat Sri Akal' was a common Sikh greeting, but the main rallying cry of the Ghadar Movement was 'Ghadar' (revolution) itself. Only Statement 2 is correct.