Modern Indian History

Udant Martand, India's first Hindi newspaper, was published in 1857 by Pandit Jugal Kishore Shukla from Calcutta. It marked the beginning of Hindi journalism. Option A is correct. Bal Gangadhar Tilak published Kesari (Marathi), Amrit Lal was associated with Urdu journalism, and Sikandar Hayat Khan was a Punjab politician.

Gandhiji founded the Harijan Sewak Sangh in 1932 to work for the upliftment of the 'Harijans' (as he called Dalits) and to campaign against untouchability. This was part of his broader social reform movement during the Civil Disobedience period. The other options (1918, 1924, 1934) do not correspond to this specific organization's founding.

The Azad Hind Fauj (Indian National Army) was formed in 1942 under Subhas Chandra Bose's leadership in Southeast Asia. While there is historical debate about whether 1942 or 1943 should be considered the formation year (depending on whether we count the earlier INA under Mohan Singh or the reorganized INA under Bose), standard curriculum textbooks typically cite 1942 as the formation year.

Gandhi first developed and implemented Satyagraha in South Africa (1893-1914) to fight racist policies against Indians. The Champaran Satyagraha (1917) was his first major use of this method in India. Bardoli (1928) came later.

'Dilli Chalo' was the slogan given by Subhas Chandra Bose during the Indian National Army (INA) movement. It was a call to march towards Delhi to free India from British colonial rule. This slogan represents Bose's revolutionary approach to India's independence struggle and his leadership of the INA.

Buddha

1913

Dadabhai Nauroji

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar established the Depressed Classes Association in 1930 to fight for the rights of marginalized communities in India. This organization worked towards social justice and equality for oppressed castes.

The Indian Penal Code (IPC) was enacted in 1860 and came into effect in 1861 during British colonial rule. It forms the backbone of criminal law in India and was drafted by Lord Macaulay.

PEPSU (Patiala and East Punjab States Union) was merged with Punjab in 1956 as part of the States Reorganisation Act. This reorganization of state boundaries along linguistic lines was implemented in November 1956. The other options (1950, 1954, 1955) are close but incorrect dates.

Correct Answer: Subhash Chandra Bose

Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das (CR Das) was Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose's political mentor and guru. CR Das was a prominent freedom fighter and founder of the Swaraj Party. Netaji considered him his political guide and was deeply influenced by his ideology of complete independence.

The Dandi March (Salt March) was a pivotal non-violent protest led by Mahatma Gandhi from March 12 to April 6, 1930, during India's independence movement. Gandhi and his followers walked 240 miles from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi to produce salt, defying the British salt tax. This marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Chhattisgarh was formally carved out of Madhya Pradesh and became a separate state on November 1, 2000. It was the 26th state of India to be formed. The formation was part of the reorganization of states based on the States Reorganization Commission recommendations and long-standing demands for a separate state for the Chhattisgarh region.