Modern Indian Historical Figures

L. E. R. Reese gave the revolt of 1857 the name of - ‘A war of fanatic religionists against Christians’. V. D. Savarkar called the war 'First war of national independence'.

Lord Aitchison made this observation about the 1857 revolt, noting that both Hindus and Muslims had united against British rule and could not be easily divided during this uprising. His statement highlighted the rare communal unity during the revolt, which was unusual for the British who typically employed divide-and-rule policies. V.A. Smith, Cunningham, and Reese were historians who wrote about the revolt but didn't make this specific observation.

Raghuji defeated Trichinopoly in December 1740. Unable to resist, Chanda Saheb delivered the fort to Raghuji on 14^th March, 1741. Chanda Saheb and his son were arrested and sent to Nagpur.

In the Maratha administrative system, Majumdar was the title for the Revenue and Finance Minister who was responsible for overseeing revenue collection and financial matters of the state. This position was crucial for maintaining the empire's economic stability.

Correct Answer: Madhavrao

Baji Rao II signed the Subsidiary Alliance with the British in 1802 after being defeated by Holkar. This treaty marked the beginning of direct British interference in Maratha affairs and reduced the Peshwa to a subsidiary ally. The other Maratha leaders like Appa Sahib Bhonsle, Yashwant Rao Holkar, and Daulat Rai Scindia resisted the Subsidiary Alliance and fought against British expansion.

Shivaji found the state of Maratha kingdom and Shahu appointed Peshwas as the Prime Ministers of the Maratha Empire.

Baji Rao I served as Peshwa to Shahu (Shahu Maharaj), who released from Mughal captivity became the Maratha ruler. After Shahu's death in 1749, Baji Rao I continued his policies but technically served as Peshwa to the throne. Shahu appointed Baji Rao I as Peshwa in 1720, recognizing his administrative and military capabilities.

V. D. Savarkar, in his book 'The Indian War of Independence of 1857', was the first to characterize the revolt as a 'war of independence' - framing it as a nationalist freedom struggle rather than a mutiny or sepoy rebellion. This terminology reframed the event from a military uprising to a political independence movement, emphasizing its anti-colonial nature.

Correct Answer: Nana Sahib

John Nicholson, a British military leader, was instrumental in recapturing Delhi from the rebels in September 1857. He led the assault and was fatally wounded during the siege of Delhi. Nicholson became a colonial hero for his role in suppressing the revolt at Delhi, which was the epicenter of the rebellion. Other generals suppressed different areas - Campbell at Lucknow, Hugh Rose in central India.

Veer Kunwar Singh (1777-1858), one of the leaders of the Indian Rebellion of 1857, belonged to a royal Kshatriya (Rajput) house of Jagdispur, currently a part of Bhojpur district, Bihar, India.

Sahib won the confidence of Charles Hillersdon, the Collector of Cawnpore. It was planned that Nana Saheb would assemble a force of 1500 soldiers, in case the rebellion spread to Kanpur.

Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi was defeated by General Sir Hugh Rose in March-April 1858 after a fierce battle. John Nicholson died during the capture of Delhi in 1857, Colin Campbell led the relief of Lucknow, and William Taylor was not a prominent figure in the Jhansi campaign.

He was the first Viceroy of India. He abolished the Doctrine of Lapse and also established three major universities at Calcutta, Bombay and Madras.