Siraj-ud-Daula, the Nawab of Bengal, captured Calcutta (then a British East India Company stronghold) in June 1756. This led to the infamous 'Black Hole of Calcutta' incident where many British prisoners died. The capture prompted the British to send General Clive, who defeated Siraj-ud-Daula at the Battle of Plassey in 1757 - a turning point in British colonization of India. The other options are incorrect: Lord Wellesley was a later Governor-General, Tipu Sultan fought the British in Mysore, and Dupleix was French.