Modern Indian Historical Figures

After the failure of the Cripp's Mission, the Cabinet Mission was sent to India. It consisted of three members - Lord Pethick Lawrence (Head of the Mission), Sir Stafford Cripps and A V Alexender.

The Treaty of Amritsar (1809) was negotiated between Charles T. Metcalfe (representing the British East India Company) and Maharaja Ranjit Singh. This treaty defined the boundaries of British and Sikh territories. Lord McCartney and Major Broodfoot are not associated with this treaty.

Correct answer is (4). 

Guru Tegh Bahadur, the 9th Sikh Guru, was executed by order of Aurangzeb in 1675 at Chandni Chowk, Delhi. He was executed for refusing to convert to Islam and for defending the rights of Hindus, particularly Kashmiri Pandits who were facing forced conversions. This martyrdom is a significant event in Sikh history.

Warren Hastings served as the first Governor-General of Fort William in Bengal from 1773 to 1785, making him the first British Governor-General of India under the Regulating Act of 1773. Lord Mountbatten was the last Viceroy and first Governor-General of independent India. General K.M. Cariappa was the first Indian Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army.

This is the correct option. Forbes Burnham and Eric Williams were the political leaders of the Caribbean that saw in cricket a chance for self-respect and international standing.

Akbar abolished the pilgrim tax (jizya) in 1564 CE as part of his policy of religious tolerance and administrative reforms. The tax had been levied on non-Muslim pilgrims visiting holy sites, and its removal was a significant step toward Akbar's syncretic approach to governance.

Siraj-ud-Daula, the Nawab of Bengal, captured Calcutta (then a British East India Company stronghold) in June 1756. This led to the infamous 'Black Hole of Calcutta' incident where many British prisoners died. The capture prompted the British to send General Clive, who defeated Siraj-ud-Daula at the Battle of Plassey in 1757 - a turning point in British colonization of India. The other options are incorrect: Lord Wellesley was a later Governor-General, Tipu Sultan fought the British in Mysore, and Dupleix was French.

Lord Mountbatten was the last Viceroy of British India and became the first Governor-General of independent India in 1947. Warren Hastings was the first Governor-General of Fort William much earlier (1773-1785), and General Cariappa was the first Indian Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army.

The Doctrine of Lapse was introduced by Lord Dalhousie, the Governor-General of India from 1848-1856. It allowed the British to annex any princely state where the ruler died without a male heir. Option B is correct.

The Pilgrim Tax, a tax on Hindu pilgrims visiting sacred sites, was abolished by Emperor Akbar as part of his liberal and inclusive religious policies. Option A is correct. Akbar was known for his religious tolerance.

Afonso de Albuquerque captured Goa from the Bijapur Sultanate in 1510, establishing it as the Portuguese capital in Asia. He was the second Portuguese Governor of the Portuguese Indies.

Banda Singh Bahadur (originally Madho Das) was a Sikh ascetic whom Guru Gobind Singh met at Nanded in 1708. He was appointed as military commander to lead the Sikh resistance against the Mughals.

Warren Hastings served as the first Governor-General of Bengal from 1773 to 1785 under the Regulating Act of 1773. This effectively made him the first British Governor General in India. The Governor-Generalship of India (as opposed to just Bengal) came later with the Charter Act of 1833. William Bentinck, Cornwallis, and Minto were all later Governors General.