Modern Indian Historical Figures

Macaulay's Minutes in education were accepted declaring that English should be the official language of India. Wood's Dispatch was related to education.

Policy of Intervention & War was followed by Lord Hastings (1813-23), & not by Lord Warren Hastings.

1^st Burmese War (1824-26) was fought during the regime of Lord Amherst (1823-28). 1^st Afghan War was fought during Lord Auckland's regime (1836-42).

Rani Channamma of Kittoor (Kittur) led an armed rebellion against British East India Company forces in 1824-1829, opposing the Doctrine of Lapse. Ahilyabai Holkar ruled Malwa but was not anti-British in this context. Rani Laxmibai fought in Jhansi (1857). Nana Phadnis was a Peshwa-era administrator.

Lord Macaulay drafted Indian Penal Code.

In October 1946, Lord Wavell said, “Our time in India is limited and our power to control events almost gone. We have only prestige and previous momentum to trade on and they will not last long.”

Expressing his opinion about the possible effects of English education on the probable maintenance of the British government in India, Sir Charles E. Trevelyan argued before the Indian Committee of Houses of Lords in 1835 that “the British raj in India could not last forever.”

Nauroji, in his ‘economic drain theory, described the British rule as – 'An everlasting and everyday increasing foreign invasion'. In his opinion, the British were responsible for the destruction of India’s indigenous industries and mass poverty in India.

The Muslim League passed the Pakistan Resolution in its Lahore Session. It was drafted by Sikandar Hayat Khan, moved by Fazlul Haq and seconded by Khaliquzzaman.

Fate of the leaders of the revolt: Bahadur Shah II was deported to Rangoon. Nana Sahib and Begum Hazrat Mahal both escaped to Nepal. Rani Laxmi Bai died in the battle field. Tantia Tope was captured and executed.

Suppression of the revolt at different centres: Delhi - John Nicholson Kanpur and Lucknow - Colin Campbell Jhansi - Hugh Rose Arrah - William Taylor

L. E. R. Reese gave the revolt of 1857 the name of - ‘A war of fanatic religionists against Christians’. V. D. Savarkar called the war 'First war of national independence'.

Lord Aitchison made this observation about the 1857 revolt, noting that both Hindus and Muslims had united against British rule and could not be easily divided during this uprising. His statement highlighted the rare communal unity during the revolt, which was unusual for the British who typically employed divide-and-rule policies. V.A. Smith, Cunningham, and Reese were historians who wrote about the revolt but didn't make this specific observation.

Raghuji defeated Trichinopoly in December 1740. Unable to resist, Chanda Saheb delivered the fort to Raghuji on 14^th March, 1741. Chanda Saheb and his son were arrested and sent to Nagpur.

In the Maratha administrative system, Majumdar was the title for the Revenue and Finance Minister who was responsible for overseeing revenue collection and financial matters of the state. This position was crucial for maintaining the empire's economic stability.