Modern Indian Historical Figures

The Sikh Khalsa (Order of the Pure Ones) was founded by Guru Gobind Singh in 1699 during the Vaisakhi festival at Anandpur Sahib. This martial brotherhood was created to defend the Sikh community against Mughal persecution and established a distinct Sikh identity with the 5 Ks (Kesh, Kangha, Kara, Kachhera, Kirpan). The founding marked a transformative moment in Sikh history, converting the community into a disciplined fighting force.

Maharaja Ranjit Singh unified the various Sikh misls (confederacies) of Punjab and established the Sikh Empire in 1801, declaring himself Maharaja. Through diplomatic and military prowess, he brought together the warring Sikh factions and created a powerful kingdom that controlled Punjab, Kashmir, and parts of Northwest Frontier. His reign is known as the golden age of Sikh history and marked the first time the Sikhs were politically united under one banner.

Srirangapatna (near Mysore) was the capital of Tipu Sultan's kingdom and the site of his final battle against the British in 1799, where he died defending his fortress. The town is an island formed by the Kaveri River and holds strategic significance.

Lord Canning became the first Viceroy of India after the 1857 revolt when the administration changed from East India Company to British Crown. Lord Curzon and Dalhousie were earlier Governors-General, while Mountbatten was the last Viceroy in 1947.

Jayaprakash Narayan (JP), a prominent Indian freedom fighter and socialist leader, was popularly called 'Loknayak' which means 'Leader of the People.' He was a key figure in Indian politics both before and after independence, particularly known for his opposition to the Emergency and leadership of the 'Total Revolution' movement in the 1970s. Gulzari Lal Nanda and Lala Lajpat Rai were not given this title.

Lord Dalhousie (1848-1856) is known as the 'Maker of Modern India' because of his sweeping reforms and infrastructure projects that transformed British India. He introduced railways, telegraph, postal system, modern education, and implemented the Doctrine of Lapse. While other Governors-General contributed to India, Dalhousie's reforms had the most modernizing impact. Elgin, Mayo, and Ripon had different priorities.

This is the correct answer as the amlah was the officer of the zamindar who came to the village at the time of rent collection.

This is the correct answer. Fernao Nuniz described the Vijaynagara bazaars as overflowing with abundance and describes all the fruits and different types of animals that were sold as food. He described grapes and oranges, limes, pomegranates, jackfruit and mango. Mutton, pork, venison, partridges, hares, doves, quail and all kinds of birds, sparrows, rats and lizards were sold as meat.

He actually wanted to kill a British judge, but accidentally 2 ladies were killed and he was hanged.

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and V. P. Menon convinced the rulers of various princely states to accede to India through a combination of factors.

John Surman led the English diplomatic mission to the Mughal court in 1715 that successfully secured the famous farman (imperial decree) from Farrukh Siyar in 1717. This decree granted the East India Company significant trade concessions, exemption from customs duties in Bengal, and established the foundation for British commercial and political dominance in India.

Madan Lal Dhingra assassinated Sir Curzon Wyllie, a British MP, on July 1, 1909 (not 1907), in London. This was one of the most daring acts of political violence by Indian revolutionaries on British soil during the independence movement.

Raja Ramanna was an Indian nuclear scientist and a prominent physicist, is best known for his leadership directing the research integral for the development of Indian nuclear programme in its early stages. Having started and joined the nuclear programme in 1964, Ramanna worked under Homi Jehangir Bhabha, and later, after the disastrous death of Homi Bhaba, Ramanna was immediately elevated to become the directing officer of this programme.

It was set up to hold enquiry on the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. 

He attacked the armoury on 18^th April, 1930.