Law Legal Studies

Labour and Industrial Relations

1,460 Questions

Labour and Industrial Relations involves the study of employment laws, workers unions, and workplace dynamics. This page features practice questions on critical topics such as equal pay, gratuity, overtime, and labor disputes. These questions are essential for law entrance exams and competitive tests.

Employment contractsTrade unionsWage discriminationIndustrial disputesOvertime payWorkplace safety

Labour and Industrial Relations Questions

Multiple choice

Under Section 2(00) of the Industrial Disputes Act 1947, the word 'Retrenchment doesn't include:

  1. Termination of the Service of a workman

  2. Termination of the Service of a workman as punishment inflicted by way of disciplinary action

  3. Retirement of the woman

  4. Both 1 and 2 are correct
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Section 2(oo) of the Industrial Disputes Act defines retrenchment but specifically EXCLUDES (i) voluntary retirement, (ii) retirement on reaching superannuation, or (iii) termination as disciplinary measure. The question asks what 'doesn't include,' so the correct answer lists what is EXCLUDED from the definition. Both 'termination of service' as disciplinary punishment and voluntary retirements are specifically carved out from retrenchment definition.

Multiple choice

Consider the following decisions on the meaning of the employer under section 2 (g) of the industrial Disputes Act. Identify the correct order in which they appeared: (i) Bombay Dock Labour Board Vs. Stevedone workers (ii) Western India Automobile Association Vs. Industrial Tribunal (iii) Kays Construction Co (P) Ltd. Vs. Its work men (iv) Anakapalle cooperative Agricultural and Industrial Society Vs. Its workmen

  1. (ii) (iv) (iii) (i)

  2. (iii) (ii) (i) (iv)

  3. (ii) (i) (iii) (iv)

  4. (i) (iii) (iv) (ii)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

This question asks for chronological order of Supreme Court decisions defining 'employer' under Section 2(g) of Industrial Disputes Act. The cases trace evolution from broad to narrow definition. Western India Automobile Association (1962) came first, followed by others expanding on the concept. The correct sequence (ii)-(i)-(iii)-(iv) matches historical development.

Multiple choice

In which of the following Cases it is well established that, any settlement between the employer and with one or more concerned union in a conciliation proceeding would bind all other workmen unions who were not made parties to the settlement:

  1. Ramnagar Cane and Sugar Co. Ltd. Vs. Jatin Chakravarthy

  2. Shanbhu Nath Goel Vs. Bank of Baroda

  3. Workers of Dimakuchi Tea Estate Vs. Management of Dimakuchi

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A settlement in conciliation proceedings binds only the parties to it, not other unions. Neither Ramnagar Cane, Shanbhu Nath Goel, nor Workers of Dimakuchi Tea Estate established that settlements bind non-parties. Therefore 'None of these' (D) is the correct answer as the legal principle was not established in any of these cases.

Multiple choice

The word 'Lock-out' is defined under Section 2(1) of the IDA, 1947 as:

  1. The temporary closure of a place of employment or suspension of work

  2. Refusal to continue the employment of the existing workers

  3. A is correct

  4. Both 1 and 2 are correct
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Section 2(1) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 defines 'lock-out' as both the temporary closure of a place of employment AND the refusal by an employer to continue employing existing workers. Both elements together constitute the complete definition.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is related to “settlement”?

  1. Strike

  2. Lock-out

  3. Retrenchment

  4. Conciliation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Conciliation is a dispute resolution process involving a neutral third party who helps parties reach a mutually acceptable settlement. It differs from strikes, lock-outs, and retrenchment which are industrial action concepts rather than settlement mechanisms. Conciliation is specifically designed to facilitate settlement of disputes through negotiation and compromise.

Multiple choice

Lay-off means:

  1. removing a workman

  2. retirement of a workman

  3. dismissing a workman

  4. inability of employer a workman to provide work to
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Multiple choice

Assertion (A) : Only a section of labour force is protected under section 17 of the trade unions Act. Reason (R) : Protection is available only to office-bearers and member of registered trade unions.

  1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is a correct explanation of (A)

  2. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not a correct explanation of (A)

  3. (A) is true but (R) is false

  4. (A) is false hut (R) is true
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Section 17 of the Trade Unions Act provides civil and criminal immunity to office-bearers and members of registered trade unions for actions done in good faith during trade dispute proceedings. This protection is limited - it covers only a specific section of labour force (those in registered unions) rather than all workers. The reason correctly explains that protection is restricted to union office-bearers and members, which directly supports why only a section of labour force is protected.

Multiple choice

An industrial dispute may be brought before the Labour Court:

  1. by an aggrieved party

  2. by both the parties

  3. by both parties with prior Permission from the Government

  4. by reference by the appropriate Government
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Under the Industrial Disputes Act, industrial disputes cannot be directly brought before the Labour Court by the parties themselves. The appropriate Government must first refer the dispute to the Labour Court for adjudication. This means that while both parties may be involved in the dispute, the formal mechanism for bringing it before the Labour Court is through government reference, not direct filing by aggrieved parties or mutual consent.

Multiple choice

The Indian Trade Union laws is a replica of the Model prevailing in:

  1. England

  2. France

  3. America

  4. Australia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The Indian Trade Union Act, 1926 was largely modeled on the British Trade Union Act of 1871 and subsequent British legislation. This reflects India's colonial legal heritage where many labor laws were adapted from English models. The French, American, and Australian systems have different approaches to labor union regulation.

Multiple choice

A workman had worked intermittently in the past. His appointment was made on contractual basis with a stipulation that his services could be terminated as and when the council deemed necessary. His services were terminated subsequently. But retrenchment compensation provisions were not followed. He is:

  1. entitled to be reinstated with full hack wages

  2. not entitled to any compensation

  3. not entitled to any compensation

  4. entitled to wages as determined by the court
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Multiple choice

Directions: The statement below is followed by five others. Select the one which most complements the idea contained in the given statement.

The miserable salaries provided to the general Indian service class

  1. are well defined as per the constitution of India

  2. are balanced through the total job security

  3. are never a cause for concern to anybody

  4. are very miserable and pathetic

  5. are reflective of their performance
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The occurrence of the word 'miserable' in the given part of sentence helps us understand that the second part of sentence shall not have anything positive regarding salaries. Thus, automatically options (2) and (5) can be rejected. Option (4) is syntactically incorrect and non-sensical. Options (1) and (3), both are grammatically correct, but option (3) is more valid as it more closely represents the idea.

Multiple choice

Which of the following pairs are no, matched?

  1. Individual dispute whether industrial Vs. - Newspapers Ltd. Allahabad Vs. Industrial Tribunal

  2. Meaning of Employer - Western Auto mobile Association Vs. Industrial Tribunal.

  3. Solicitor's profession not an industry - National Union of Commercial Employees Vs. Industrial Tribunal.

  4. Go-Slow as a serious case of misconduct - Vijay Cotton Mills Vs. Workmen.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

This question tests knowledge of important Industrial Disputes Act case law. Go-Slow was indeed held to be a serious case of misconduct in Vijay Cotton Mills Vs. Workmen. The question has a typo ('no, matched' instead of 'not matched') - you should pick the pair that IS correctly matched.

Multiple choice

'A's services were terminated without complying with retrenchment compensation provision:

  1. A is entitled to reinstatement without back wages

  2. A is entitled to back wages

  3. A is entitled to retrenchment compensation

  4. A is entitled to reinstatement and back wages as determined by the Court
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

When an employee's services are terminated without paying the mandatory retrenchment compensation under the Industrial Disputes Act, the proper remedy is reinstatement with back wages. Courts have held that retrenchment without compensation is illegal, and the appropriate relief is to order reinstatement and compensate for the period of wrongful termination with back wages as determined by the court.

Multiple choice

An individual dispute becomes an industrial dispute when it is espoused by (i) a trade union (ii) the appreciable number of workmen (iii) falls under section 2A of the industrial Disputes Act. (iv) One fifth of the total work force in the concerned establishment

  1. (i). (iii) and (iv) are correct

  2. (ii) and (iii) are correct

  3. (i). (ii) and (iii) are correct

  4. only (iv) is correct
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Under the Industrial Disputes Act, an individual dispute becomes an industrial dispute when it is taken up by: (i) a trade union, OR (ii) an appreciable number of workmen (generally interpreted as a significant proportion), OR (iii) falls under Section 2A (individual disputes in public utility services treated as industrial disputes). Option (iv) (one-fifth) is not a statutory criterion. Therefore (i), (ii), and (iii) are correct.

Multiple choice

Indicate the order in which the following words appear in the definition of 'workmen' as given in section 2(s) of the industrial Disputes Act. (i) Operational (ii) Manual (iii) Technical (iv) Supervisory Work

  1. (iii), (ii), (i) and (iv)

  2. (ii), (iii), (iv) and (i)

  3. (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)

  4. (ii), (iv), (iii) and (i)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Section 2(s) of Industrial Disputes Act defines workmen to include persons employed to do manual, unskilled, skilled, technical, operational, clerical or supervisory work. The option listing Technical, Manual, Operational, Supervisory matches the key categories in sequence.