Law Legal Studies

Labour and Industrial Relations

1,460 Questions

Labour and Industrial Relations involves the study of employment laws, workers unions, and workplace dynamics. This page features practice questions on critical topics such as equal pay, gratuity, overtime, and labor disputes. These questions are essential for law entrance exams and competitive tests.

Employment contractsTrade unionsWage discriminationIndustrial disputesOvertime payWorkplace safety

Labour and Industrial Relations Questions

Multiple choice

Under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, _____________ means the temporary closing of a place of employment or suspension of work or the refusal by _____________ to continue to employ any number of persons so employed.

  1. lay-off; an employer

  2. lock out; an employer

  3. strike; government

  4. retrenchment; an employer.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, lock out means the temporary closing of a place of employment or suspension of work or the refusal by an employer to continue to employ any number of persons so employed.

Multiple choice

As per Section 22 of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, no person employed in a public utility service shall go on strike in breach of contract without giving to the employer a notice of strike within ____ before striking or within fourteen days of giving such notice.

  1. three weeks

  2. six weeks

  3. eight weeks

  4. five weeks
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

As per Section 22 of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, no person employed in a public utility service shall go on strike in breach of contract without giving to the employer a notice of strike within six weeks before striking or within fourteen days of giving such notice.

Multiple choice

Under Section 3 of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, the appropriate government may by general or special order require the employer to constitute in the prescribed manner ____ in industrial establishments, where _____ or more workmen are employed on any working day in the preceding 12 months and such committee will be comprised of the representatives of employers and workmen engaged in the establishment.

  1. an appropriate committee; 300

  2. an employers committee; 100

  3. a workers committee; 100

  4. a government committee; 500
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Under Section 3 of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, the appropriate government may by general or special order require the employer to constitute in the prescribed manner an employer’s committee in industrial establishments, where 100 or more workmen are employed on any working day in the preceding 12 months and such committee will be comprised of the representatives of employers and workmen engaged in the establishment.

Multiple choice

Which of the following persons is not included in the definition of 'workman' under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947?

  1. Who is employed in a supervisory capacity drawing more than 6,500 but less than 7,500 per month as wages

  2. Who is employed in a supervisory capacity drawing more than 1,600 but less than 6,500 per month as wages

  3. Who is employed in a supervisory capacity drawing more than 10,000 per month as wages

  4. Who is employed in a supervisory capacity drawing more than 1,600 per month as wages
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Who is employed in a supervisory capacity drawing more than 1,600 per month as wages is not included in the definition of 'workman' under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is not included in the definition of 'wages' under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947?

  1. Any allowances as the workman for the time being entitled to

  2. Any travelling concession

  3. Any contribution paid or payable by the employer to any pension fund

  4. Any commission payable on the promotion of sales or business or both
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Any contribution paid or payable by the employer to any pension fund is not included in the definition of 'wages' under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947.

Multiple choice

In the case of Workmen of Dimakuchi Tea Estate v. Dimakuchi Tea Estate, which of the following objectives of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 were not laid down by the Supreme Court?

  1. Promotion of measures of securing and preserving amity and good relations between the employer and workmen

  2. Investigation and settlement of industrial disputes between employers and employees

  3. Promotion of collective bargaining

  4. Promotion of lay-off and lock-outs
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Promotion of measures of securing and preserving amity and good relations between the employer and workmen not being an objective of the Industrial Disputes Act has not been laid down in the case of Workmen of Dimakuchi Tea Estate v. Dimakuchi Tea Estate.

Multiple choice

Under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, failure, refusal or inability of an employer to give employment to a workman whose name appears on the muster-rolls of his industrial establishment and who has not been retrenched due to breakdown of machinery is called

  1. lay-off

  2. lock out

  3. retrenchment

  4. termination
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, failure, refusal or inability of an employer to give employment to a workman whose name appears on the muster-rolls of his industrial establishment and who has not been retrenched due to breakdown of machinery is called lay-off.

Multiple choice

In terms of Section 25N of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, a workman employed in any industrial establishment shall be retrenched by the employer by giving __________ notice in writing, indicating the reasons for retrenchment.

  1. 1 month

  2. 3 months

  3. 15 days

  4. 21 days
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In terms of Section 25N of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, a workman employed in any industrial establishment shall be retrenched by the employer by giving three months notice in writing, indicating the reasons for retrenchment.

Multiple choice

Consider the following statements on industrial dispute and choose your answer from the given options.

Codes: I. Industrial dispute will subsist inspite of closure of industry. II. An industrial dispute can arise when a demand is made by a workman and denied by the employer. III. Once a dispute is referred for adjudication, the presumption is that it is an industrial dispute. IV. Employer’s failure to keep his verbal assurances is an industrial dispute.

  1. I and II are correct.

  2. II and III are correct.

  3. III and IV are correct.

  4. I, II and III are correct
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Industrial dispute does not come to an end after closure of industry. Industrial disputes are defined as when a demand is made by a workman and denied by the employer.  

Multiple choice

Consider the following statements regarding the workmen's compensation. The compensation is paid to the worker according to the damage as follows:

(a) In case of death: The family will continue to receive the last monthly wage of the deceased workman as pension till the scheduled date of his retirement. (b) In case of total permanent disablement: 50% of the monthly wage, multiplied by the relevant factor or Rs. 24,000; whichever is more. (c) In case of partial permanent disablement: The compensation is a percentage of that payable in the case of total permanent disablement. The earning capacity is determined by a qualified medical practitioner.

Which of the given statements are true?

  1. Only b and c

  2. Only a and c

  3. Only a and b

  4. All of these

  5. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Under the Workmen's Compensation Act, statement (a) is incorrect because death benefits are not paid as pension till retirement age but as a lump sum or monthly payment based on a specified formula. Statement (b) is correct - for total permanent disablement, compensation is 50% of monthly wages multiplied by a relevant factor or Rs. 24,000, whichever is higher. Statement (c) is also correct - partial disablement compensation is calculated as a percentage of total permanent disablement compensation based on reduced earning capacity assessed by a medical practitioner.

Multiple choice

Find the appropriate word and fill blank (iv).

Directions: Complete this passage by selecting the most suitable option for the corresponding gap.

Quality of working life largely depends upon _____(i)______ wages and salary, _____(ii)_______ benefits, job security, job satisfaction, though any one of these alone is not enough. Employees feel _______(iii)______ after performing the same routine job over a period of time. ________(iv)______ in work schedules, worker’s participation in management, free lunch schemes can be some of the factors leading towards quality of working life. 

  1. Flexibility

  2. Rigidity

  3. Transparency

  4. Plasticity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The context discusses factors that improve quality of working life. 'Flexibility in work schedules' makes sense as a positive factor that enhances work-life balance and job satisfaction. 'Rigidity' would have the opposite negative effect, while 'Transparency' and 'Plasticity' don't logically fit with work schedules as factors for improving working life.

Multiple choice

Unfair labour practices mean any of the practices specified in the:

  1. Fourth Schedule of the Industrial Disputes Act

  2. Fifth Schedule of the Industrial Disputes Act

  3. Sixth Schedule of the Industrial Disputes Act

  4. Third Schedule of the Industrial Disputes Act
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The Fifth Schedule of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 enumerates unfair labour practices by both employers and workmen. This comprehensive list includes practices like illegal strikes, lockouts, discrimination, and victimization. Other schedules contain different matters (bonuses, arbitration, etc.).

Multiple choice

Consider the following statements (i) The Trade Unions Act prescribe time limit for the grant of registration of Trade Unions (ii) The certificate of registration issued by Registrar is a conclusive evidence. (iii) The Registrar of Trade Unions is duty bound to hear existing unions before granting registration to a new Trade Union

  1. (i) alone

  2. (i) and (ii)

  3. (i), (ii) and (iii)

  4. (ii) alone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The Trade Unions Act, 1926 contains all three provisions: Section 5 prescribes that the Registrar shall issue the certificate of registration (or refusal) within a reasonable time; Section 8 states that the certificate of registration is conclusive evidence of registration; and Section 11 allows any person interested to object to the registration of a trade union.