Indian Independence Movement

Mahatma Gandhi was the sole representative of the Indian National Congress at the Second Round Table Conference in 1931. Other leaders like Dr. Ambedkar attended but represented specific interest groups rather than the Congress party.

Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee (W.C. Bonnerjee) presided over the first session of the Indian National Congress held in Bombay in December 1885. The session was attended by 72 delegates and marked the beginning of the organized nationalist movement.

Allan Octavian Hume (A.O. Hume), a retired British officer, was the primary founder of the Indian National Congress in 1885. He organized the first session in Bombay with the aim of creating a platform for civic and political dialogue. While Indian leaders like W.C. Bonnerjee were involved, Hume is credited as the founder.

The Swaraj Party was formed in 1923 by Chittaranjan Das and Motilal Nehru, who wanted to enter the legislative councils to oppose the British from within. Mahatma Gandhi was initially opposed to this strategy, preferring the Non-Cooperation movement and constructive work outside the councils. N.C. Kelkar was also a prominent member of the party.

The Drafting Committee was responsible for preparing the final draft of the Indian Constitution. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar served as its chairman and played a pivotal role in its creation. He is widely recognized as the chief architect of the Constitution.

The Indian National Congress was divided into Moderates and Extremists based on their methods of agitation. Gopal Krishna Gokhale was a prominent Moderate leader who believed in constitutional methods and dialogue. Leaders like Tilak and Lajpat Rai favored more radical or extremist approaches.

The Planning Commission of India was established in 1950 to formulate five-year plans for economic development. As the Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru served as its first ex-officio Chairman. The commission has since been replaced by the NITI Aayog.

Sir B.N. Rau was appointed as the Constitutional Advisor to the Constituent Assembly in 1946. He prepared the initial draft of the Constitution, which was later scrutinized and refined by the Drafting Committee led by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. His expertise in international and constitutional law was instrumental in shaping the Indian Constitution.

Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as the permanent President of the Constituent Assembly on December 11, 1946. Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha had served as the temporary/interim President during the first meeting on December 9, 1946, following the French practice of electing the oldest member. Dr. Prasad later became the first President of the Republic of India.

Subhash Chandra Bose is the most prominent figure associated with the Indian National Army (INA), also known as the Azad Hind Fauj. Although it was initially formed by Mohan Singh and Rash Behari Bose, it was under Subhash Chandra Bose's leadership that it became a significant force. He led the army in its struggle against British rule during World War II.

The tricolor flag of India was unfurled by Jawaharlal Nehru on the banks of the Ravi River in Lahore at midnight on December 31, 1929. This event followed the adoption of the Purna Swaraj (Complete Independence) resolution by the Indian National Congress. It marked a significant escalation in the demand for total freedom from British rule.

Gandhi first adopted the methodology of Satyagraha (truth-force) in 1906 in Johannesburg, South Africa. He organized a mass meeting at the Empire Theatre to protest against the Asiatic Registration Act, which required Indians to register and carry passes. This marked the birth of his signature technique of non-violent resistance.

Subhas Chandra Bose resigned from the presidency of the Indian National Congress in 1939 after a conflict with Gandhi and other senior leaders. The 'Old Guard' of the party resigned from the Working Committee to protest Bose's radical stance, which they felt abandoned Gandhian principles. Bose subsequently left the Congress to form the Forward Bloc.

Sir B. N. Rao was appointed as the Constitutional Advisor to the Constituent Assembly. He played a crucial role in drafting the initial framework of the Indian Constitution.