Indian Independence Movement

Ram Lal served as the first Chief Justice of the Punjab High Court at Simla after India gained independence in 1947. The Punjab High Court was originally established in 1919 and operated from Simla (now Shimla) before shifting to Chandigarh in 1955.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar is widely recognized as the 'architect of the Indian Constitution' for his pivotal role as Chairman of the Drafting Committee. While Nehru, Prasad, and Radhakrishnan were influential figures, Ambedkar's detailed work in drafting and defending the Constitution earned him this title. His legal expertise and advocacy for social justice shaped the document.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was India's first Law Minister, serving in the cabinet of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru from 1947 to 1951. He was also the principal architect of the Indian Constitution. The other options served as Law Ministers later: Hansraj Bhardwaj (2009-2012), Kailash Nath Katju (1957-1958), and Shanti Bhushan (1977-1979).

Allan Octavian Hume (not 'A.O Humne' - this is a spelling error) was one of the founders of the Indian National Congress in 1885. He was a British civil servant who supported Indian political representation. Motilal Nehru and Annie Besant were later leaders, not founders.

A total of 11 were chosen for highest peacetime gallantry award “Ashok Chakra”. Few of them were 1. Former Maharashtra anti-terrorism Squad chief Hemant Karkare 2. Mumbai additional police commissioner Ashok Kamte 3. NSG major Sandeep Unnikrishnan 4. Delhi Police special cell inspector Mohan Sharma.

The Kothari Commission (1964-66) was officially named the 'Education Commission 1964-66' and was chaired by Dr. D.S. Kothari, a renowned physicist. The commission is commonly referred to by his name. Dr. Radhakrishanan was the Chairman of the University Education Commission (1948-49), and Dr. A.L. Mudaliar chaired the Secondary Education Commission (1952-53).

Justice B.N. Srikrishna was the Chairman of the Sixth Central Pay Commission (2007-09). Raghuram Rajan is an economist who later became RBI Governor, and Justice MM Punchi was a former Chief Justice of India but not Pay Commission chairman.

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, India's first Home Minister, is regarded as the 'Father of All India Services' for his pivotal role in creating and integrating the IAS, IPS, and other central services. He strongly advocated for a strong federal civil service and worked to integrate provincial services into All India Services post-independence.

Atal Bihari Vajpayee became the first Indian to speak in Hindi at the UN General Assembly in 1977. As External Affairs Minister, he chose to deliver India's speech in Hindi, making a powerful statement about linguistic pride and cultural identity on the global stage.

Abhinava Bharat was a secret revolutionary society founded by Ganesh Savarkar (elder brother of Vinayak Damodar Savarkar) in 1904 in Nasik, Maharashtra. It was one of the earliest organized revolutionary groups aimed at achieving complete independence through armed struggle. The society trained youth in revolutionary activities and maintained underground operations until it was busted by British police.

Jamanalal Bajaj was a prominent industrialist and longtime treasurer of the All India Congress Committee (AICC) who actively supported the freedom movement. He participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement and was arrested in 1930, spending time in jail. While G.D. Birla was also a major capitalist supporter of Congress, Jamanalal Bajaj had a longer formal tenure as AICC treasurer and was specifically jailed during the 1930 movement.

Rashbehari Ghosh presided over the 1907 Surat Session of the Indian National Congress, which witnessed a historic split between the Moderates and the Extremists. The session ended in chaos amid ideological differences regarding the methods of achieving independence.