Indian Independence Movement

The first session of the Constituent Assembly on December 9, 1946 was chaired by Dr. Sachchidanand Sinha, who was the temporary chairman. Dr. Rajendra Prasad was later elected as the permanent President of the Constituent Assembly. Nehru and Ambedkar were key members but not the first session's chair.

Mahatma Gandhi was elected President of the Indian National Congress only once, for the Belgaum session in 1924. While he was the movement's leader, he preferred to guide from outside formal positions.

A.O. Hume, a British civil servant, founded the Indian National Congress in 1885. He is widely regarded as the 'Father of the Indian National Congress' for his role in its formation. While leaders like Gandhi and Tilak became prominent later, Hume was the founding architect.

Dr. Rajendra Prasad became the first President of India when the Constitution came into effect on January 26, 1950. He served two full terms, from 1950 to 1962. C. Rajagopalachari was the first and last Indian Governor-General of West Bengal.

Dr. Zakir Hussain was the first Muslim President of India, serving from 1967 to 1969. Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad was a prominent freedom fighter but never President. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was the 11th President (2002-2007), much later.

A.O. Hume, a British civil servant, founded the Indian National Congress in 1885 to provide a platform for political dialogue between educated Indians and the British government. Gandhi, Nehru, and Patel became prominent leaders much later.

Dr Rajendra Prasad served as the President of the Constituent Assembly throughout its existence (1946-1949). He later became the first President of India, reflecting the trust members had in his leadership.

The first session of the Constituent Assembly convened on 9 December 1946 in New Delhi. It was presided over by Dr Sachchidananda Sinha, the temporary chairman, before Dr Rajendra Prasad was elected as the permanent President.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly, which was responsible for drafting the Constitution of India. He is widely recognized as the chief architect of the Indian Constitution and played a pivotal role in shaping its fundamental principles and provisions, particularly those related to social justice and equality.

The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 by A.O. Hume, a retired British civil servant, along with Indian nationalists like Dadabhai Naoroji and Dinshaw Wacha. Mahatma Gandhi joined the Congress later and became its leader, while C.F. Andrews was a British friend of India. Lala Lajpat Rai was a prominent Congress leader but not a founder.

The Preamble was drafted by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, based on his 'Objectives Resolution' moved in December 1946. While Dr. Ambedkar was the chief architect of the Constitution, the Preamble's philosophy and language reflect Nehru's vision of India's democratic ideals.

Ganesh Vasudeo Mavalankar served as the first Speaker of the Lok Sabha from 1952 to 1956. He had previously served as the President (Speaker) of the Constituent Assembly and the Provisional Parliament.

A.O. Hume founded the Indian National Congress in 1885 and was its first General Secretary. However, he was never the President of INC. Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee was the first President. The question's phrasing combines founder and General Secretary roles.

Dr. Radhakrishnan, Dr. Zakir Hussain, and Neelam Sanjiva Reddy all served as Vice-President before becoming President. R. Venkataraman is the exception - he was never Vice-President, having served as Finance Minister and Defence Minister before being elected President directly.

J.B. (Acharya Jivatram Bhagwandas) Kripalani was the President of the Indian National Congress in August 1947 when India gained independence. He issued the message praising Gandhi as 'the maker of freedom achieved in a unique way.' Jawaharlal Nehru became Prime Minister, Motilal Nehru had died earlier, and Vallabhbhai Patel was Home Minister.