Indian Independence Movement

Jawaharlal Nehru served as India's first External Affairs Minister from 1947 to 1964, simultaneously serving as Prime Minister. He shaped India's non-aligned foreign policy during the Cold War.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar served as Chairman of the seven-member Drafting Committee, which was responsible for writing the Constitution. His legal expertise and eloquent defense of the draft in the Assembly earned him the title 'Father of the Indian Constitution.'

Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan served as India's first Vice President from 1952 to 1962. A renowned philosopher and teacher, his birthday (September 5) is celebrated as Teachers' Day in India. Nehru was PM and Rajendra Prasad was President.

In 1981, Justice P. N. Bhagwati in S. P. Gupta v. Union of India articulated the concept of PIL.

Dr. M. A. Ansari presided over the 1927 Madras session of the Indian National Congress, where the decision to boycott the Simon Commission was taken.

C. Rajagopalachari was the last Governor-General of India and the only Indian to hold the office after independence, serving until the office was abolished in 1950.

The Srikrishna Commission was appointed by the Maharashtra government to investigate the communal riots that occurred in Mumbai in 1992-1993.

Allan Octavian Hume, a retired British civil servant, was the driving force behind the formation of the Indian National Congress in 1885 and served as its first General Secretary.

Vithalbhai Patel was the first Indian to be elected as the President (Speaker) of the Central Legislative Assembly in 1925.

Mahatma Gandhi was elected President of the All India Khilafat Conference formed during the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22). The Khilafat Movement aimed to protest the dismantling of the Ottoman Caliphate after WWI, and Gandhi provided crucial support to the Ali brothers.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar is the only Indian leader who participated in all three Round Table Conferences held in London between 1930 and 1932.

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad became the youngest President of the Indian National Congress when he presided over the special session in Delhi in 1923 at the age of 35.

Ajmal Amir Kasab (often transliterated as Iman) was the only militant captured alive following the 2008 Mumbai terror attacks. He was later tried and executed.