Indian Independence Movement

Dr Rajendra Prasad served as the President of the Constituent Assembly throughout its existence (1946-1949). He later became the first President of India, reflecting the trust members had in his leadership.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly, which was responsible for drafting the Constitution of India. He is widely recognized as the chief architect of the Indian Constitution and played a pivotal role in shaping its fundamental principles and provisions, particularly those related to social justice and equality.

The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 by A.O. Hume, a retired British civil servant, along with Indian nationalists like Dadabhai Naoroji and Dinshaw Wacha. Mahatma Gandhi joined the Congress later and became its leader, while C.F. Andrews was a British friend of India. Lala Lajpat Rai was a prominent Congress leader but not a founder.

The Preamble was drafted by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, based on his 'Objectives Resolution' moved in December 1946. While Dr. Ambedkar was the chief architect of the Constitution, the Preamble's philosophy and language reflect Nehru's vision of India's democratic ideals.

TT Krishnamachari resigned as Finance Minister in 1958 after the Mundhra Commission report exposed irregularities in share transactions involving Haridas Mundhra. This scandal involved LIC investments in Mundhra's companies, leading to one of India's first major political financial scandals.

Ganesh Vasudeo Mavalankar served as the first Speaker of the Lok Sabha from 1952 to 1956. He had previously served as the President (Speaker) of the Constituent Assembly and the Provisional Parliament.

A.O. Hume founded the Indian National Congress in 1885 and was its first General Secretary. However, he was never the President of INC. Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee was the first President. The question's phrasing combines founder and General Secretary roles.

The Birla group was initially formed by Shiv Narain Birla, who established the family's first business in the 19th century. While Ghanshyam Das Birla expanded the group significantly and made it nationally prominent, and Aditya and Kumarmanglam are later-generation leaders, Shiv Narain was the original founder who started the family's business journey.

Dr. I.G. Patel was the first economist to serve as Secretary, Department of Economic Affairs (established in 1970s). Dr. Manmohan Singh later became a famous economist and Finance Minister, Rakesh Mohan served later, and Dr. Montek Singh Ahluwalia held various positions but was not the first secretary.

Dr. Radhakrishnan, Dr. Zakir Hussain, and Neelam Sanjiva Reddy all served as Vice-President before becoming President. R. Venkataraman is the exception - he was never Vice-President, having served as Finance Minister and Defence Minister before being elected President directly.

J.B. (Acharya Jivatram Bhagwandas) Kripalani was the President of the Indian National Congress in August 1947 when India gained independence. He issued the message praising Gandhi as 'the maker of freedom achieved in a unique way.' Jawaharlal Nehru became Prime Minister, Motilal Nehru had died earlier, and Vallabhbhai Patel was Home Minister.

Jawaharlal Nehru presided over the historic Lahore Session (1929) where the Indian National Congress declared 'Purna Swaraj' (complete independence) as its goal. WC Bannerji was an earlier leader (early 1900s), Gandhiji was the guiding force but not president of this session, and Motilal Nehru led the Nehru Report but not this independence declaration.

In the 1939 Congress presidential election, Subhash Chandra Bose defeated Pattabhi Sitaramayya, who was Gandhiji's preferred candidate. Bose won by 203 votes, leading to his resignation and formation of the Forward Bloc. Mahadev Desai was Gandhi's secretary, Sushila Nayyar a close associate, and Sarojini Naidu was a leader but not the 1939 candidate.

Harilal J. Kania served as the first Chief Justice of India from January 26, 1950, to November 10, 1951. He was previously a judge of the Federal Court of India and played a crucial role in establishing the Supreme Court's procedures and traditions. M. Patanjali Sastri became the second Chief Justice. The Chief Justice is appointed by the President and presides over the judicial system.

Sukumar Sen, an Indian civil servant, served as the first Chief Election Commissioner of India from 1950 to 1958. He is credited with successfully conducting India's first general elections in 1951-52, which were the world's largest elections at that time. K.V.K. Sundaram served later as the second CEC.