Indian Independence Movement

Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan served as the first Vice-President of India from 1952 to 1962. He later became the second President of India, and his birthday is celebrated as Teacher's Day in the country.

Dr. S. Radhakrishnan was a distinguished philosopher and academic who served as the Vice-Chancellor of major universities before becoming the Vice-President and later the President of India. His birthday is celebrated as Teachers' Day in India to honor his contributions to education.

C. Rajagopalachari, also known as Rajaji, was the first and only Indian to hold the office of Governor-General of India after independence. He succeeded Lord Mountbatten in 1948 and served until India became a republic in 1950.

Air Marshal Subroto Mukherjee became the first Indian Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Air Force in 1954. While Sir Thomas Elmhirst was the first chief of the IAF in independent India, he was a British officer.

Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the first President of the Republic of India, serving from 1950 to 1962. He was a key leader in the Indian Independence Movement and remains the only president to serve two terms.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar is known as the Father of the Indian Constitution because he was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee and played a pivotal role in its creation.

L.K. Advani served as the President of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) until late 2005. Rajnath Singh succeeded him, taking office in early 2006.

Bal Gangadhar Tilak was the primary pioneer of the extremist faction within the Indian National Congress. He advocated for 'Swaraj' (self-rule) and used more radical methods compared to the moderate leaders.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar and Tej Bahadur Sapru were the prominent Indian leaders who attended all three Round Table Conferences held in London between 1930 and 1932.

Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as the permanent President of the Constituent Assembly on December 11, 1946. Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha had served as the temporary President for the first meeting on December 9.

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad served as the first Minister of Education in the Indian government from 1947 to 1958. His birthday, November 11, is celebrated as National Education Day in India. He was a key figure in establishing the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and the University Grants Commission (UGC).

The Gadar Party was an international revolutionary movement founded by expatriate Indians to overthrow British rule in India. Lala Hardayal was the key founding figure and general secretary when it was formed in San Francisco in 1913.

Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed was the President of India who signed the proclamation of emergency on the advice of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi on June 25, 1975. He served as the fifth President of India from 1974 until his death in 1977.

R.K. Shanmukham Chetty served as the first Finance Minister of independent India and presented the first budget in 1947. Morarji Desai holds the record for presenting the most budgets, but he was not the first.