Indian Independence Movement

General Cariappa (later Field Marshal K.M. Cariappa) was the first Indian Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army, serving from 1949-1953 after independence. Before this, the position was held by British officers. Gen. Rajendrasinhji became the first Indian Chief of Army Staff later. Air Marshal S Mukherjee served in the Air Force. Gen. Gopal Gurunath Bewoor was a later Army Chief.

Dr. Rajendra Prasad was India's first President, serving from 1950-1962. He was a key freedom fighter and had previously served as President of the Constituent Assembly. C. Rajagopalachari was the last Governor-General of India and later Chief Minister of Madras. Jawaharlal Nehru was India's first Prime Minister. Lord Mountbatten was the last Viceroy and first Governor-General.

Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya founded Banaras Hindu University in 1916 with the aim of combining modern education with traditional Indian values. He is widely recognized as the founder and played a key role in establishing this institution.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly and is rightly recognized as the chief architect of the Indian Constitution. He led the comprehensive drafting process and incorporated provisions for social justice, equality, and fundamental rights.

In the 1939 Congress presidential election, Subhash Chandra Bose defeated Pattabhi Sitaramayya, who was Gandhiji's preferred candidate. Bose won by over 200 votes despite Gandhi's opposition. This led to Bose's resignation from the Congress presidency and eventually his formation of the Forward Bloc.

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam (1931-2015), born 15 October 1931 in Rameshwaram, Madras Presidency, served as the 11th President of India from 2002-2007. Known as the Missile Man of India, he was a scientist and national icon. Bhairon Singh Shekhawat was Vice President, K. R. Narayanan was the 10th President, and Pratibha Patil was the 12th President - none match these birth details.

Jharkhand was under President's Rule from January 2009 to September 2010 after the Shibu Soren government resigned. The other options name CMs of Assam (Gogoi), Rajasthan (Gehlot), and Punjab (Badal).

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar did make statements criticizing those who attacked the Congress party while defending Nehru, emphasizing the interconnectedness of Indian political leadership. The quote reflects his pragmatic understanding of political dynamics during the nationalist movement.

Dr M.S. Swaminathan, renowned agricultural scientist and father of India's Green Revolution, served as President of the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs. He was the first Indian to hold this prestigious position in this organization focused on science and world peace. Dr Kalam, though a distinguished scientist, never held this post.

Dr B.R. Ambedkar is universally recognized as the 'Father of the Indian Constitution' for his pivotal role as Chairman of the Drafting Committee. He meticulously shaped the Constitution's framework ensuring social justice for marginalized communities. Nehru was the first Prime Minister, Gandhi the freedom movement leader, and Tilak a nationalist leader - none directly drafted the Constitution.

To solve this question, the user needs to have knowledge of the Chief Ministers of Madras state or Tamil Nadu.

Option A: C. Rajagopalachari was the first Chief Minister of Madras state. Therefore, this option is incorrect.

Option B: C. Annadurai was the Chief Minister of Madras state from 1967 to 1969. He was also the founder of the DMK party. Therefore, this option is incorrect.

Option C: M.G. Ramachandran was the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu from 1977 until his death in 1987. He was also a famous film actor and founder of AIADMK party. Therefore, this option is incorrect.

Option D: Poti Sriramulu was an Indian freedom fighter and political activist who fought for a separate Andhra state. He was never a Chief Minister of Madras state or Tamil Nadu. Therefore, this option is correct.

Therefore, the answer is: D. Poti Sriramulu.

R.E. Grant Govan served as the first President of BCCI when it was formed in 1928. He, along with Sir J.C. Maitland (Secretary), was instrumental in establishing the board that would govern cricket in India during its formative years.

V.V. Giri is the correct answer. He resigned as Acting President in 1969 and contested the presidential election as an independent candidate, winning against the official Congress candidate Neelam Sanjiva Reddy. This remains the only instance in Indian history where an independent candidate won a presidential election.