Biology

Human Physiology and Anatomy

2,235 Questions

Human physiology and anatomy explore the structural organization and biological functions of the human body and its systems. Questions focus on the primary roles of organs, hormones, cellular components, and developmental processes. These fundamentals are integral to medical entrance tests and general science sections.

Organ functionsHormone functionsImmune system rolesDigestive systemCellular functions

Human Physiology and Anatomy Questions

Multiple choice chemistry chemical thermodynamics system and surroundings introduction to thermodynamics basics of thermodynamics

Steady state is represented by :

  1. Getting raw materials.

  2. Intake of food and energy.

  3. Intake of materials and energy, elimination of wastes and dissipation of energy.

  4. Removal of waste products and intake of raw materials.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Living beings require energy for their day to day activity. They generally consume food for intake of energy. They generally consume food for intake of energy, The utilize energy and eliminate the rest of the waste.
In the whole process, there is no change in energy and mass. Hence it can be considered as a steady state.
To get clear understanding of steady state read the following example:
When the drain of bathtub is open and water is being added into the bathtub at same rate, then the amount of water in the bathtub is constant.
Water draining=Water added
It is a steady state as the state variable volume is constant overtime.
Multiple choice biology digestion and absorption minerals and vitamins nutrition and diet role of various nutrients

The two systems of the human body which help in the control and co-ordination of metabolic activities are __________.

  1. Digestive and circulatory

  2. Respiratory and circulatory

  3. Excretory and skeletal

  4. Nervous and endocrine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The nervous system and the endocrine system are the primary control and coordination systems in the human body, regulating metabolic activities through electrical impulses and chemical hormones respectively.

Multiple choice zoology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

The function of glucagon hormone is

  1. To increase glycogenesis

  2. To decrease blood sugar level

  3. To release glucose from liver cells and glycogenolysis promotion

  4. To increase the absorption of glucose and fatty acids through cell
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Glucagon's role in the body is to prevent blood glucose levels dropping too low. It acts on the liver and stimulates the conversion of stored glycogen (stored in the liver) to glucose, which can be released into the bloodstream. This process is called as glycogenolysis.

Multiple choice biology control and co-ordination in plants and animals control of blood glucose hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary

Feedback Mechanism is the important for homeostasis.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Homeostasis relates to dynamic physiological processes that help us maintain an internal environment suitable for normal function. Feedback mechanism also helps in maintaining this balance of the hormones in the body.

Multiple choice botany cell structure and organization membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

Which of the following is not the function of a vacuole?

  1. Storage

  2. Providing turbility and rigidity to the cell

  3. Waste excretion

  4. Locomotion
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The vacuole are the membranous vesicular structures in the cells of the living organisms. The vacuoles are involved in the storage of the food materials. The presence of vacuole provides rigidity and shape to the cell with the help of turbulence. The wastes from the cells can be excreted with the help and movement of the vacuoles. The vacuoles are not responsible for locomotion. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Multiple choice botany cell structure and organization membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

Which one of the following is not the function of a vacuole?

  1. Storage

  2. Providing turgidity and rigidity to the cell

  3. Waste excretion

  4. Locomotion
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The vacuole is the membrane bound organelle mainly found in the plant cell. In plant cell it large and centrally located. It has three major functions  such as:
1. Contribute to the rigidity of the plant using water to develop hydrostatic pressure.
2. Store nutrient and non-nutrient chemicals.
3. Break down complex molecules.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice botany cell structure and organization membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

Which of the following is not a function of vacuole?

  1. Storage

  2. Providing turgidity and rigidity to the cell

  3. Waste excretion

  4. Locomotion
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Vacuoles are storage bubbles found mostly in plant cells. These are used for storage of food or water. The vacuolar membrane is a single layered and is called as tonoplast. Osmotic pressure and turgidity is maintained by vacuoles. They store toxic metabolic by-products or end products of plant cells. Such vacuoles are thrown out of the cell by exocytosis. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice botany cell structure and organization membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

What are the functions of vacuole?

  1. Maintaining turgor pressure

  2. Containing water

  3. Containing waste

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • The function and significance of vacuoles vary greatly according to the type of cell in which they are present.
  • In general, the functions of the vacuole include- Isolating materials that might be harmful or a threat to the cell. Containing waste products. 
  • Containing water in plant cells. Maintaining internal hydrostatic pressure or turgor within the cell. Maintaining an acidic internal pH. 
  • Allows plants to support structures such as leaves and flowers due to the pressure of the central vacuole etc.

    Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
Multiple choice botany cell structure and organization membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

The various functions of vacuole are

  1. Maintaining acidic pH

  2. Containing waste product

  3. Exporting waste

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Vacuoles are the membrane-bound organelle and perform various functions according to the type of cell in which they are present. In general, the functions of the vacuole include isolating materials that might be harmful or a threat to the cell, containing waste products, containing water in plant cells, maintaining an acidic internal pH, exporting unwanted substances from the cell, allows plants to support structures such as leaves and flowers due to the pressure of the central vacuole etc. 
Multiple choice botany cell structure and organization membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

What is the function of the contractile vacuole?

  1. Excretion

  2. Respiration

  3. Digestion

  4. Nutrition
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The contractile vacuoles are the structures which are present in the cells of the lower organisms. The vacuole plays an important role in excretion and osmoregulation. The wastes like the ammonia can be excreted through the vacuoles. The water and the other salts are also removed through this vacuoles in order to maintain the osmotic balance. 

Thus, the correct answer is option A. 

Multiple choice biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

Where are hormones destroyed in the human body?

  1. Liver

  2. Kidney

  3. Stomach

  4. Small intestine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Hormones are secreted by the endocrine glands which are specific in nature.
  • Each hormone causes a response in a target organ or tissues.
  • Once the function of the hormones is completed on their target organs or tissues they are destroyed. 
  • They are destroyed by the liver or the tissues of the target organs. 
  • The destroyed hormone is removed by the kidney. 
  • So, the correct answer is 'Liver'.
Multiple choice biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

Which of the following is not a function of liver?

  1. Deamination

  2. Bile storage

  3. Synthesis of plasma protein

  4. Storage of fat soluble vitamin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Liver is the largest gland of the body weighing about 1.2 to 1.5 kg in an adult human. It is situated in the abdominal cavity, just below the diaphragm and has two lobes. The hepatic lobules are the structural and functional units of liver containing hepatic cells arranged in the form of cords. Each lobule is covered by a thin connective tissue sheath called the Glissons capsule. The bile secreted by the hepatic cells passes through the hepatic ducts and is stored and concentrated in a thin muscular sac called the gall bladder. The duct of gall bladder (cystic duct) along with the hepatic duct from the liver forms the common bile duct. The bile, pancreatic juice and the intestinal juice are the secretions released into the small intestine. The bile released into the duodenum contains bile pigments (bilirubin and biliverdin), bile salts, cholesterol and phospholipids but no enzymes. Bile helps in emulsification of fats, i.e., breaking down of the fats into very small micelles. Bile also activates lipases. Fats are broken down by lipases with the help of bile into di-and monoglycerides.

Multiple choice biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

The toxic substance are detoxified in the human body by:

  1. Lungs

  2. Kidneys

  3. Liver

  4. Stomach
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

One of the most important biochemical roles of liver is detoxification i.e., conversion of toxic substances into non-toxic substance. The toxic substances cab be foreign or xenobiotic compounds or are formed by metabolic activities of the body. One of the detoxification strategies of liver is to make the xenobiotic and harmful chemicals water soluble by hydroxylating them. Once hydroxyl group is added, the chemicals become water soluble and can be easily excreted through urine route.