Biology

Human Physiology and Anatomy

2,235 Questions

Human physiology and anatomy explore the structural organization and biological functions of the human body and its systems. Questions focus on the primary roles of organs, hormones, cellular components, and developmental processes. These fundamentals are integral to medical entrance tests and general science sections.

Organ functionsHormone functionsImmune system rolesDigestive systemCellular functions

Human Physiology and Anatomy Questions

Multiple choice biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

Excess amino acids are deaminated and converted into urea in 

  1. Kidneys

  2. Liver

  3. Spleen

  4. Pancreas
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Deamination and urea formation is a major function of liver. Deamination of amino acids is mainly done by liver (separation of amino group of amino acid and its conversion to ammonia). Preparation of urea from the amino acids is done by the liver. Liver converts ammonia (obtained from deamination) into urea through ornithine cycle. So, after the damage or spoilage of liver, the ammonia level in the animal body is increased and the animal dies.

Multiple choice biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

The specific function of liver is

  1. Excretion

  2. Digestion

  3. Histolysis

  4. Glycogenesis and Glycogenolysis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Hepatocytes are metabolic superachievers in the body. They play critical roles in synthesizing molecules that are utilized elsewhere to support homeostasis, in converting molecules of one type to another and in regulating energy balances. Excess glucose entering the blood after a meal is rapidly taken up by the liver and sequestered as the large polymer, glycogen (a process called glycogenesis). Later, when blood concentrations of glucose begin to decline, the liver activates other pathways which lead to depolymerization of glycogen (glycogenolysis) and export of glucose back into the blood for transport to all other tissues. Excretion, digestion and histolysis are not the functions of liver. Thus, option D is correct.

Multiple choice biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

Glisson's capsules are found in

  1. Kidney of frog

  2. Heart of frog

  3. Liver of mammals

  4. Cerebellum of rabbit
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Glisson's capsules are the capsule of the liver of mammals. A layer of connective tissue surrounding the liver and ensheathing the hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile ducts within the liver
So, the correct answer is 'Liver of mammals'
Multiple choice biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

The detoxification of substances in the body is carried out by

  1. Liver

  2. Lungs

  3. Kidney

  4. Intestine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The human liver carries out more than 500 metabolic functions, includ­ing the detoxification of harmful substances in the body. Over 2 quarts of blood pass through this important organ every minute of every day, filter­ing and transforming chemicals to keep the body clean. The liver also pro­duces bile into which fat-soluble toxins are attached and then discharged into the gastrointestinal tract.

Multiple choice biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

Liver is a vital organ in most organisms, particularly all vertebrates. Identify the correct combination of statements which are true about liver.
I.   It secretes a hormone for controlling sugar level in the blood.
II.  It converts excess glucose into glycogen and vice versa.
III. It secretes digestive enzymes.
IV. It plays a major role in the breakdown of hemoglobin.

  1. I and IV

  2. II and III

  3. III and IV

  4. II and IV
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Liver is the largest gland of the body. It plays a prominent role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, fats. It converts excess of glucose into glycogen and thus regulates sugar level in blood. It plays a major role in the breakdown of hemologbin. Thus option D is the correct answer. 

Multiple choice biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

Which one of the following is specific function of the liver?

  1. Excretion

  2. Glycogenolysis

  3. Digestion

  4. Histolysis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Glycogenolysis is the process by which glycogen stored in the liver and muscle cells of animals, is broken down into glucose to provide immediate energy and to maintain blood glucose levels during fasting. Glycogenolysis occurs in the liver and is stimulated by the hormones glucagon and epinephrine (adrenaline). It is the catabolic process where break down of glycogen occurs by the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase.

Multiple choice biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

Which of the following is not a function of vertebrate liver

  1. Uptake and excretion of bilirubin

  2. Bile production

  3. Release of glycogen into blood

  4. Urea synthesis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The liver stores glycogen but does NOT release glycogen into blood. Instead, it performs glycogenolysis to break down glycogen and releases glucose into blood. All other options ARE liver functions: bile production, bilirubin uptake/excretion, and urea synthesis.

Multiple choice biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

Organs functioning as modulator and effector for homeostatic control of blood sugar are respectively

  1. Liver and islets of Langerhans

  2. Islets of Langerhans and hypothalamus

  3. Hypothalamus and islets of Langerhans

  4. Hypothalamus and liver.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The liver acts as a modulator by storing or releasing glucose (glycogenolysis/glycogenesis), while the islets of Langerhans (pancreas) act as effectors by secreting insulin and glucagon to control blood sugar levels.

Multiple choice biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

If liver is removed, which component of blood will increase?

  1. Ammonia

  2. Protein

  3. Uric acid

  4. Urea
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Animals accumulate ammonia, urea, uric acid, carbon dioxide, water and ions like Na +, K+, Cl–, phosphate, sulphate, etc., either by metabolic activities or by other means like excess ingestion. 
  • These substances have to be removed totally or partially. Ammonia, urea and uric acid are the major forms of nitrogenous wastes excreted by the animals.  Ammonia is rapidly removed from the liver by urea cycle.
  • Urea cycle takes place in the liver in which the ammonia is converted into a water-soluble compound known as urea. Urea formed is a non-toxic excretion product whereas Ammonia is toxic to the CNS because it reacts with the α-ketoglutarate to form glutamate. Hence, If the liver is removed, which component of blood will increase is ammonia.
So, the correct answer is 'ammonia'.
Multiple choice biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

What is the important function of bile ________________.

  1. For digestion by emulsification of fats

  2. Elimination of excretory products

  3. For digestion by enzymes

  4. Coordination of digestive activities
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Bile's primary function is the emulsification of fats, which increases the surface area for lipase to act upon, facilitating digestion.

Multiple choice biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

Which of the following is not a function of the liver in adults?

  1. Make red blood cells

  2. Produce urea

  3. Store glucose

  4. Produce bile
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The liver performs a variety of functions such as synthesis, storage and secretion of various substances. The functions performed by the liver are:
  • The liver secretes bile juice.
  • The liver plays a key role in carbohydrates metabolism, in lipid metabolism.
  • It also helps in deamination of proteins and conversion of ammonia into urea.
  •  It is the chief organ of detoxification of toxic substances in food.
  • It acts as a thermoregulatory organ like skeletal muscle. as it has high glucose at its disposal.
  • It acts as a haematopoietic organ in the foetus and erythroclastic organ i.e. destruction of the red blood cells in the adult. Hence, Making of red blood cells is not a function of the liver in adults.
So, the correct answer is 'make red blood cells'.
Multiple choice biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

Twenty-four hours after removing the liver of a mammal the concentrations of urea and amino acids in the blood would be changed in which of the following ways?

  1. Both urea and amino acid levels would have risen

  2. There would be no change in the level of either

  3. The amino acid level would have risen while the urea level would have fallen

  4. The urea level would have risen while the amino acid level would have fallen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Urea is produced in the liver which is a breakdown product of amino acids if the liver is removed amino acids will not be metabolized and urea level will rise.

So, the correct option is 'The amino acid level would have risen while the urea level would have fallen'.