Biology

Human Physiology and Anatomy

2,235 Questions

Human physiology and anatomy explore the structural organization and biological functions of the human body and its systems. Questions focus on the primary roles of organs, hormones, cellular components, and developmental processes. These fundamentals are integral to medical entrance tests and general science sections.

Organ functionsHormone functionsImmune system rolesDigestive systemCellular functions

Human Physiology and Anatomy Questions

Multiple choice biology soldiers of defense blood clotting and healing of wounds coagulation of blood blood clotting

Which proteolytic enzyme induces lysis of fibrin during fibrinolysis?

  1. Fibrin

  2. Thrombin

  3. Plasmin

  4. Platelet factor VIII
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Plasmin is the proteolytic enzyme that induces lysis of fibrin to fibrin degradation products during fibrinolysis (enzymatic breakdown of fibrin during blood clots)

So, the correct answer is 'Plasmin'

Multiple choice biology food and it's constituents energy giving food carbohydrate and its test biological molecules

The primary function of carbohydrates in cells are

  1. Signal transduction

  2. Storage of information and catalysis of substances

  3. Energy storage and cell identity

  4. Catalysis and transport of various substances
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Primary functions of carbohydrates in the cells are as follows as:

  • Provide energy to all cells of the body of an organism.
  • Store energy in the form carbohydrates.
  • Also, help in building the macromolecule, proteins and fats.
  • Also, help in the formation of receptor ( e.g. lecithin) present on the cell surface and help in cell identity.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Energy storage and cell identity'.

Multiple choice chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

Which of the following solution is used as washing solution for eyes to free them from microorganisms?

  1. $1\%$ Phenol solution
  2. $2-3\%$ Iodine solution
  3. $0.2\%$ Phenol solution

  4. Dilute aqueous solution of Boric acid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Boric acid is the active ingredient contained in some brands of multipurpose contact lens cleaning solutions. Like hydrogen peroxide, boric acid is a disinfectant and anti-fungal agent used in contact lens solutions to prevent the growth of microorganisms on the eye. 

option D is correct

Multiple choice zoology insects and human welfare bee keeping apiculture apiculture, sericulture and fisheries

Male produce sperms by mitosis in _______________.

  1. Periplaneta americana

  2. Apis mellifera

  3. Drosophila melanogaster

  4. Lepisma
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
In organisms which have haploid males (such as honeybees, Apis mellifera), there is a variation of meiosis during spermatogenesis. The meiosis-I is abortive i.e. the chromosomal events such as crossover and separation of homologous chromosomes, do not happen. However, some cytological changes do happen which is described by Sharma et al (1961) as "simulation of the normal meiosis I". This is followed by meiosis II (which is mechanistically same as mitosis). So, basically there is no halving of the number of chromosomes and the gametes are also haploid.

So, the correct answer is 'Apis mellifera'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Major function of peroxisomes is oxidation of

  1. Excess purine

  2. Surplus amino acids

  3. Alcohol and drugs

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • The peroxisome is a single membrane-bound organelle which contains oxidative enzymes and is responsible for lipid production and oxidation reactions within the cell.
  • The important oxidation reactions of peroxisomes within a cell are-
  1. Oxidation or breakdown of excess purines i.e, adenosines monophosphate and guanosine monophosphate to uric acid.
  2. It contains the enzyme called D-amino acid oxidase which oxidises amino acids.
  3. It also oxidises or metabolises alcohol and drugs in the liver by peroxisomal catalase.
  • So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry coordination in life processes digestive system - organs process of digestion coordination in the process of digestion

Function of hydrochloric acid in the stomach is to

  1. Digest carbohydrates

  2. Clean the stomach

  3. Kill the germs

  4. Break down proteins
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The stomach wall consists gastric gland which secretes gastric juice for digestion of food. The gastric juice is made up of hydrochloric acid, pepsinogen and other digestive enzymes, gastrin, mucus, and bicarbonates. It has a pH ranging from 1 to 2. Its low pH is essential in activating many digestive enzymes and in destroying various pathogens. Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice biology digestive system of human digestive glands liver pancreas

Kupffer's cells of liver are an example of ________________.

  1. Anatomical barrier

  2. Inflammatory barrier

  3. Physiological barrier

  4. none of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Kupffer cells are also known as stellate macrophages (star-shaped) located in the liver, lining the walls of the sinusoids. They form part of the mononuclear phagocyte system. This means that they are a part of the first line of defense (inflammatory barrier) of the body and are involved in engulfing any invading pathogen (virus, bacteria, etc.) and destroy them.

So, the correct answer is 'Inflammatory barrier'. 

Multiple choice biology digestive system of human digestive glands liver pancreas

The function of the liver is to

  1. Promote digestion of food

  2. Promote respiration

  3. Store glucose as glucogen

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The liver plays a central role in metabolism, including glycogenesis (storing glucose as glycogen), gluconeogenesis, and glycogenolysis to maintain blood glucose levels.

Multiple choice biology digestive system of human digestive glands liver pancreas

Liver performs the function of

  1. Glycogenesis

  2. Glycogenolysis

  3. Deammination

  4. All the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The liver performs all these functions: glycogenesis (glucose to glycogen), glycogenolysis (glycogen to glucose), and deamination (removal of amino groups from amino acids).

Multiple choice biology digestive system of human digestive glands liver pancreas

Match the columns and find the correct choice.

a Kupffer's cells p Islet of Langerhans
b $\beta$-cells q Liver sinusoids
c Brush border cells r Thyroid gland
d Paneth cells s Proximal convoluted tubule
t Small intestine

  1. a-s, b-t, c-p, d-q

  2. a-r, b-, c-s, d-q

  3. a-r, b-t, c-s, d-p

  4. a-q, b-p, c-s, d-t
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Kupffer cells are found in liver sinusoids (a-q). Beta-cells are in the Islets of Langerhans (b-p). Brush border cells are in the small intestine (c-t). Paneth cells are also in the small intestine (d-t). Note: The provided option D matches a-q and b-p, which are correct.

Multiple choice biology digestive system of human digestive glands liver pancreas

Which one of the following is not secreted by pancreas

  1. Insulin

  2. Glucagon

  3. Renin

  4. Somatostatin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Renin is an enzyme secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney, not the pancreas. Insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin are all produced by the endocrine pancreas.

Multiple choice biology digestive system of human digestive glands liver pancreas

The chief function of bile juice is to:

  1. emulsify fats for digestion

  2. emulsify proteins for digestion

  3. regulate digestion of proteins

  4. digest fats by enzymes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The main function of bile juice is the absorption of fats, fat-soluble substances such as vitamin A, D, E, & K.
So, the correct option is 'Emulsify fats for digestion'.
Multiple choice botany plant tissues permanent tissues and their types simple permanent tissues tissues: plant tissues

The function of hypodermis is

  1. Protection

  2. Hardness

  3. Support

  4. Storage
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The protoderm mainly differentiates to form the dermal layer which is known as epidermis, hypodermis, and endodermis. Hypodermis (exodermis) is the outermost layer of cells in the plant cortex. These cells are modified to give additional structural support or to store food materials or water. After the loss of the piliferous layer of the root, the hypodermis takes over the protective functions of the epidermis.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.